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First, though, explore the city centre. The Plaza de Armas, as in many Peruvian cities, is the main square, but here following the basic structure of the Inca Capital discovered by the conquistadors. To impose their rule on the Incas some of the first buildings overlaid on the Inca palaces were churches: the main square is overlooked by a fortress-like cathedral, squat against earthquakes, built on the Inca Viracocha\'s palace. In the cool shade of the interior Inca beliefs blend with a vibrant, visual Catholicism: the smoke from incense swirls in the deem light of votive candles as local traders pay their dues to colourful, semi-Christian gods. In the hugely faulted geology of the Andes one of the most revered is the Chapel of El Señor de los Tremblores, in charge of earthquakes, but other carvings specialise in solving more domestic problems. Fertility, health and happiness can be obtained at the modest cost of a candle or two, and I saw one woman, an elderly grandmother down from her village, kneeling and crossing herself in a side chapel while stuffing note after note into the collection box. When she finally got up to leave she took a pace, then returned, contrite, and burrowed in her robes to give her last, crumpled note to assuage her hungry god. I hoped her prayers would pay off but wondered what, on earth, she\'d eat. Across the square the Spanish Baroque lines of La Campañìa Church were built more gracefully on the Inca\'s \'Temple of the Serpents\'. Inside all is cool and dark with high vaulting ceilings and lavish gold-leaf decorations. Stepping blinking out into the bright daylight, the city centre seethes with activity. As the ancient capital it is a trading centre for the surrounding mountains and the streets bustle with traders and hawkers. Alpaca wool sweaters and jackets are racked alongside traditional weavings and antique fabrics, with pan-pipes, leather, ceramic beads and pottery still reflecting traditional skills and styles. Tourists aren\'t the only people here and there are plenty of people selling vegetables, goats and even - the local delicacy - hamsters. In this atmosphere of colour and action short walks lead to further squares and other churches, monasteries and convents, reached by narrow alleys bounded by Inca stonework that fades imperceptibly into colonial buildings.
Winding to the northwest of Cusco the \'Sacred Valley\' of the Urubamba River contains more ruins, just as beautiful and even more atmospheric. Pisac and Ollantaytambo are two of the most famous, but the smaller-scale charms of traditional villages such as Calca, Yucay and Urubamba are just as rewarding. Further down the valley narrows from a broad alluvial plain to a sheer gorge that carves through the Andes. Shrouded in cloud and draped in montane rainforest, only the steepest Inca pathways follow the river to Peru\'s highligh, Machu Picchu.
The best way to reach Machu Picchu is on foot. Trekking routes follow paths that wind through the mountains, built into causeways over swamps and clinging to sheer, vertiginous drops. On stones trod by fleet-footed Inca messengers six centuries before, the heavy tramp of western feet can discover stone-terraced walls sculpting fields onto sheer, barely climbable slopes and small deserted dry-stone villages and forts, wrapped in mist and mystery. The Inca Trail is not a walk for the faint-hearted. Mountains are climbed by huge, steep-stepped stairways that stretch endlessly towards the skies and plummet into bottomless canyons. All food and drink must be carried for a walk lasting - by the shortest route - four days and it can be quite hard to find any patch of land flat enough to pitch a tent. Nor does the mountain climate make any concessions to visitors, flitting quickly from hot sun to freezing, unremitting rain. For the fit, it\'s one of the best walks in the world, but once underway the only way out is on foot.
Rationally, Machu Picchu shouldn\'t be as impressive as Cusco. One is
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