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The cooks on TV make it look so easy. They create beautiful ¡°cages¡± and filigrees of caramel for their decadent desserts. Without a second thought, they drizzle, pour and manipulate the caramel until it acquiesces. Most home cooks have tried caramelizing sugar. Most of these attempts end up as a tarry, smelly mess. Can this cooking technique even be done at home, and does Bobby Flay have to come by the house to do it? The happy answer is that Bobby can use his plane ticket for something else. A home cook can caramelize sugar at home. It takes practice, and some skill, but it can be done.
A novice cook probably shouldn¡¯t try to do much with caramel. It is a technique that requires some ¡°feel¡± for the cooking process. However, a cook who has made fudge or other cooked candies will probably have no trouble with it.
The first step is to get a good pan with as few hot spots as possible. Of course, copper-bottom pans conduct the heat the best, but most of us don¡¯t have those. A good club aluminum pan or an iron skillet is a good choice. Ideally, it should have a level, flat bottom. Basically, any pot that is good for candy making will do well for caramelizing sugar, since it is a type of candying.
Caramelize sugar in small batches, starting with no more than 2 cups of sugar. Pour the sugar into a cold pan and add a small amount of water and stir, to get the sugar to the consistency of wet sand. Stir in a bit of lemon juice or cream of tartar. These are interfering agents that will help keep the sugar from re-crystallizing as it heats.
Start the sugar cooking over medium heat, stirring frequently. A wooden spoon is the best utensil for any kind of candy making and no kitchen should be without one. Scrape down the sides of the pan frequently, and wait until the sugar begins to dissolve in the water. It will then form a clear syrup. This is often called a ¡°simple syrup¡± and is used in a number of recipes. However, caramelization takes a bit longer. Depending on the pan and the stove, it can take up to 30-40 minutes, but usually doesn¡¯t.
Like a roux and risotto, a pan of caramel has to be carefully watched. It also has to be stirred to keep the mixture from sticking. A cook must have enough time to stand right by the pot as the process is going on. Stepping away for a moment could be disastrous.
Keep stirring the mixture until it reaches a boil, then stop stirring. Tilt the pot around every so often to keep the mixture from burning in any hot spots on the pan. The caramel will turn light amber at first, and will very, very quickly darken to bronze. The degree of caramelization a cook wants depends on the recipe. If a dark caramel is needed, the cook should have a water bath ready to immerse the pan¡¯s bottom in, when the candy has cooked. This 10-second bath will stop the cooking process immediately. In fact, it is always desirable to take the pan off the heat right before the caramel reaches the desired doneness, since the residual heat in the pan will continue to cook the mixture.
If the cook is making a caramel sauce and will be adding cream or another liquid, this should be done very carefully. The cook should be prepared for the liquid to hiss and sputter, and should add the liquid at the edge of the pan, slowly, and stirring as it is added.
The caramel can also be drizzled onto a well-oiled cookie sheet in fancy designs, and then broken into little ¡°ornaments¡± for desserts. Another technique is to oil the outside bowl of a metal soup ladle and drizzle the caramel onto the outside of the bowl. When it has hardened, the caramel can be removed and will form a little ¡°cage,¡± suitable for ice cream or other desserts.
Another fun idea is to pour the caramel into a small puddle on that well-oiled cookie sheet and allow it to partially cool. Ease the puddle up with an oiled spatula and drape it into an oiled custard cup or ramekin. When it cools, turn it out to have a nice little dessert bowl.
The cooking pan, by the way, is not difficult to wash. Simply add water to it and bring it to a boil. The caramelized sugar will dissolve and will wash away easily.
As with many cooking techniques, caramelizing sugar is not a difficult process. Rather, it requires patience and a ¡°feel¡± for cooking. A cook with some experience should be able to master the technique with some practice.
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