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Melting chocolate for baking is a cooking skill that needs to be mastered and practiced. If not done correctly the chocolate can become grainy, ruin the end product or simply give off a burned taste. For adding chocolate to a recipe, melt chocolate in either a microwave or a double boiler. For chocolate that needs to achieve a professional sheen, such as dipped delicacies or homemade truffles, tempering is required.
Purchasing the best quality chocolate that you can afford will result in the best melting process as well as taste. Most good quality chocolate comes in a block form or bulk. Before melting a solid piece of chocolate it will need to be chopped. Use a butcher¡¯s knife for small, coarse pieces; for uniformed pieces a fork works very well and a serrated knife is best for fine flakes.
Once chopped use one of the following methods for melting:
A microwave can be the fastest method of melting but can also results in disaster as a couple of seconds of overheating can ruin the chocolate. Place chopped chocolate in a microwave safe bowl and heat at fifty percent for one to four minutes. The amount of time needed for melting will depend on your microwave and the amount of chocolate. Keep an eye on the bowl the entire time. When the chocolate appears shiny but not fully melted, stop and remove from the microwave. Stir with a metal utensil until fully melted. If needed, return to the microwave for a few seconds to eliminate large chucks.
The double boiler method uses two pots or a special double boiler pot to melt chocolate slowly. The bottom pot contains about an inch of water in it and the top pot is a bit smaller and rests on the bottom pot. The water should be heated to just below a simmer then rest the top pot above the water. Chop the chocolate and put it in the top pot. Stir the chocolate as it melts to ensure a smooth texture. Be cautious that water isn¡¯t mixed in with the chocolate as this creates a grainy texture.
Tempered chocolate is pre-crystallized chocolate that is heated and allowed to cool. Tempering allows the chocolate to achieve a shiny luster and promotes proper melting qualities and stability. Temperature is very important during this method so time, patience and a good candy thermometer are mandatory. Temper chocolate in a room that is about seventy degrees, with good air circulation and no strong odors as chocolate easily and quickly incorporates other scents. Utilize the double boiler method for tempering, as you¡¯ll have the most control of your chocolate.
Chop the chocolate into small pieces and place in the double boiler. Stir the chocolate while melting to ensure even heating but try to avoid creating air bubbles. Heat chocolate to 120F utilizing a candy thermometer. Take a reading by dipping the thermometer into the chocolate but don¡¯t let it touch the bottom or sides of the double boiler. Remove, wait thirty seconds and read. When the chocolate reaches 120F remove from the heat source. Remove the top portion of the double boiler and replace the simmering water with lukewarm water. Place the top portion back on the bottom portion and stir until the chocolate temperature reaches 80F. You may need to replace the water a few times to lower the chocolate¡¯s temperature. Once the chocolate has reached 80F you can save it and reheat at a later time or use it immediately. To use for dipping, reheat the chocolate by raising the temperature of the water in the bottom portion of the double boiler. Increase the water¡¯s temperature and raise the chocolate to 88F for dark chocolate, 84F for milk chocolate or white chocolate. Test the tempering before dipping by spreading a small amount on a piece of foil and allowing it to cool. It should be smooth and shiny. Dull areas, wet areas or streaks indicate poor tempering or a lack or mixing. If the results are not what you want, retemper the chocolate.
This process may seem daunting but it is necessary to achieve that professional, shiny and smooth look. If however, this process is too difficult, a tempering machine that will melt, cool and reheat chocolate to the desired temperatures can be purchased. Though a bit of an expense, these machines can reduce the stress and problems from home tempering and are well worth the cost if large quantities of chocolates need to be dipped or created. Look for these machines at specialty baking or professional chef stores.
Practice melting chocolate to learn and become comfortable with the techniques. You only need to a pick the method that works best for you to be successful.
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