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There is an art to making homemade soap. To help you understand the process, it may be helpful to first understand some of the ingredients as well as the terminology.
Ingredients:
To make regular soap, you will need to use lye. Purchase 100% lye which is available at most craft supply stores. Don¡¯t be confused and think that a drain cleaner will work to make soap as drain cleaners contain metal particles. Look for lye labeled ¡°sodium hydroxide technical grade¡± which is available in granular or flake form.
Lye is a caustic formula which requires several safety precautions when using. Lye will react when put in contact with aluminum, zinc and tin so be careful and only use in heat-proof containers such as stoneware, glass, enamel, stainless steel and plastic. Lye should be added to water, never water to lye to prevent splashing problems and possible burns. Use only in well ventilated areas or outside to deal with the fumes given off and be cautious and wear protective clothing. If lye comes in contact with your skin, rinse your skin immediately with vinegar and then again under running water. Lye can be fatal if swallowed, so keep away from children.
One of the other main ingredients in soap making is the use of distilled water or bottled water. This insures the use of soft water as hard water is difficult to work with when making soap.
Additives to soapmaking include olive oil (not virgin), fragrance oils, botanicals, colors and fragrances. Measurement should be exact when adding ingredients to soap so a good method of measurement is by weight, not volume. It is critical to have the right mixture so the soap sets up and reacts well with your skin. Investing is a good kitchen scale will help you immensely in obtaining a nice, final product.
Terminology:
Trace: During the process of soap making, you will be adding oils to the lye. This mixture is stirred until it has emulsified into one form. To check for trace, drizzle the soap off the spoon back into the pot. When the soap keeps it¡¯s shape momentarily before it sinks into the mixture, you have reached ¡°trace¡±. This is the point you add the ¡°extras¡± to the mixture.
Gel Stage: During the cool down process of the molded soap, the gel stage occurs when the soap has begun to cool. The soap will get a dark, gel-looking spot in the middle of it that will spread to the edges of the mold. Don¡¯t panic as this is perfectly normal and to be expected.
Cure: Soap must cure for three to four weeks after molding before it becomes useable. The soap can be cut into bars after unmolding and then should be allowed to cure for three to four weeks. Smaller molds will cure quicker than larger molds.
How to make soap:
Now that you have a bit of knowledge regarding the ingredients and terminology of soap making, here is a simple recipe with which to test your skills.
Basic Soap
Ingredients:
12 oz. lye
32 oz. softened water
24 oz. coconut oil
38 oz. solid vegetable shortening
25 oz. olive oil (not virgin)
Fragrance oil
Soap mold
In a large plastic or glass bowl, begin by dissolving the lye into the softened water. Stir constantly with a plastic spoon while adding the lye to the water. When the lye hits the water it will immediately heat up. Once the water and lye are completely combined, set aside to cool to room temperature.
In a large stainless steel pot, melt the coconut oil and vegetable shortening. Add the olive oil and the fragrance oil of choice. Allow the oils to cool to room temperature. While the lye/water mixture and oil mixtures are cooling, prepare the soap mold by greasing well with vegetable oil. Once the two mixtures have cooled, slowly combine them by pouring the lye mixture into the oil mixture. Stir the mixture slowly and constantly and try to avoid adding air bubbles. As you stir the mixture, check periodically for trace. Once tracing has occurred, it¡¯s time to add your botanicals, grains and coloring to the mix. Remove about a cup of the mixture and stir in the additives. Stir well to completely combine and then return the combined mixture back to the original mixture.
The soap is now ready to pour into the prepared mold. Wrap the mold in a towel and place it in a corner where it can remain undisturbed for 18 hours. During this first 18 hour period, the soap will heat up and cool down. Do not uncover it until it has completely cooled. When it has completely cooled, uncover it and allow it sit undisturbed another 12 hours.
To unmold the soap, loosen the sides of soap by wiggling the mold around a little bit. Turn out onto a clean counter and cut into bars. Allow the bars to cure for about 3 to 4 weeks before using. |
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