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Protein skimmers are used in salt-water aquariums to remove dissolved organic compounds, phenol oils and other yellowing agents. Air bubbles, located in the protein skimmer¡¯s body, strip the water of the undesirable waste byproducts before they convert into nitrates.
To use the protein skimmer, installation will occur next to the fish tank or sump with the return water level is above the skimmer. Hook up the water inlet and pump a small amount of water through the skimmer, adjust the flow rate and the position of the skimmer at this time. Adjust the water outlet height so the water level is about an inch or so below the collection cup.
Now mount an airstone on the end of the rigid tube, hook it up to an air pump, and insert it into the column above the water outlet to keep bubbles from entering the outlet hose.
Next, adjust the outlet height making sure the bubbles are reaching the bottom of the collection cup. The collection cup must have a drain with a hose running to a small bucket. It is necessary to monitor the water outlet closely for the first couple of days.
Several factors affect the efficiency of a protein skimmer. These factors are bubble size, airflow rate and the amount of time that the bubbles are active in the skimmer. Bubble size should be between 0.5 and 1.0 mm. Bubble sizes in this range have maximum surface area and buoyancy. Airflow rate is the factor that determines the relative ratio of water to air bubbles in the protein skimmer and should be two times the tank volume. The correct airflow rate creates the correct amount of foam needed for the skimmer to operate efficiently.
When installing a protein skimmer, the size of the tank has to be considered. A skimmer, the correct size and when correctly installed on the tank, should process at least one tank full of air and one tank full of water per hour. If the skimmer is the correct size and the correct skimmer for the tank, it will produce the correct amount of foam.
There are three types of protein skimmers. These are counter current air driven, wenturi driven and down-draft. Each skimmer works well, with its own good points and bad points. All skimmers will need fine-tuning and will have to be experimented with over about a month period after installation to be finely tuned.
Protein skimmers can be located inside the tank, or outside the tank. Skimmers, placed outside the tank, are hung or put into the sump. If the skimmer is placed inside the sump, it must be located where the water enters the sump. There are recommendations for installing the skimmer before the sump so many waste particles are removed during the mechanical filtration before they enter the skimmer.
Things to check when deciding on a skimmer are the collection cup and the foam riser cylinder. These should be easy to remove for frequent service. The foam riser cylinder must be long enough to allow the collected foam to dry out, thus being properly gathered. Tubes, plumbing, inlets and outlets should also be checked. Inlets and outlets should have enough lumen for the amount of water they move. The valves throughout the system should also be checked. If the skimmer is air-driven, it must have an air pump that is capable of supplying enough air to it. The amount of air stones should also be checked. There should be twice as many air stones available as called for by the manufacturer.
Protein skimmers are also very touchy when changes are happening with them. Their function can be affected by dust, insecticide, aromatic sprays or paint vapors because these substances decrease the foam production. Human body fat and feeding the fish will decrease the foam production because these oily or fatty substances lower the tension of the water surface. Several factors affect the efficiency of the skimmer. These would include the mode of operation, temperature, pH, water and airflow rate, dimensions of the contact column, surface tension, specific gravity and properties of the bubbles.
The skimmer and the collection cup both have to be cleaned regularly. When cleaning, be careful not to drop any of the foam, either dry or wet, back into the tank. Both of these forms of foam are poisonous because of the high concentration of toxic compounds in them.
When protein skimmers, if designed and installed correctly, effectively remove organic compounds, which would eventually become toxic compounds if left in the tank. These skimmers also aide in maintaining high levels of Oxygen in the water and are very useful to the production of healthy fish. |
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