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Pesky mosquitoes are one of the biggest drawbacks of camping and in some places they can be so numerous and so aggressive that they can make your life miserable. Mosquitoes can make you wish you had never left home and can drive you out of some areas if you don¡¯t have some means of protection against them. Wilderness travel in bad mosquito country such as swamps, coastal marsh areas and the North Woods sometimes requires a combination of defenses ranging from chemical repellants to protective clothing and tents and even smoky smudge fires.
The tent is perhaps the most critical defense if you are spending the night out where mosquitoes are plentiful. It¡¯s impossible to sleep if you are being bitten all night and enough bites can make you sick or weaken you to the point that you cannot travel. Tents should be selected for good mosquito netting and zipper doors that close tightly with no gaps. The ease of opening and closing these doors in a hurry is important too, as you don¡¯t want to let a lot of mosquitoes in when you are entering or exiting the tent.
Protective clothing is the second most important defense against mosquitoes and should always be carried regardless of whether or not you have other defenses such as chemical repellants. Even in hot weather you will need long pants and a long-sleeve shirt in such places such as the Everglades, where mosquitoes descend in thick black clouds of buzzing wings. Lightweight cotton clothing is cool enough to wear but will deter mosquitoes from biting. You will need to wear boots as well and tuck the legs of your trousers inside them. Mosquitoes are especially attracted to the ankles and feet because so many blood vessels are found near the skin there. In really serious mosquito conditions, you might also include an insect proof head net in your gear. This is a hat with a built-in mosquito net that hangs around your face and can be tucked in the collar of your shirt to completely seal your head and neck from mosquitoes. Gloves would also be appropriate to complete your protection.
Far more campers rely on chemical repellants than protective clothing however, and this may be the only practical means in some situations such as when you are engaging in water sports on a river or off the beach and are not wearing full clothing. Chemical repellants come in sprays, liquids and lotions and can be applied to all exposed parts of the body. They are effective as long as they have the proven ingredient: DEET, which will be clearly indicated on the label. DEET is harmful to humans over a prolonged period of time, so it is best to use it only when necessary and to look for repellants with only a 10 to 35 percent DEET content. Some repellants for the worst conditions have 100 percent DEET formulas, but studies have shown these to be no more effective than the much safer, lower percent formulas. DEET repellants will keep most mosquitoes at bay, but they may still buzz around near your face and body in an annoying way and you will have to periodically reapply the repellant to keep them off.
Other formulations have been tried for mosquito repellants, including citronella compounds and other organic, herbal compounds. Most of these are only partially effective and work only in places were mosquitoes are less numerous and aggressive. A bath oil product called Skin So Soft was accidentally discovered to have the side effect of repelling mosquitoes and it is now marketed for the purpose. Though it can and does work well in some areas, don¡¯t count on it to help much in the most mosquito-ridden swamps.
Primitive people lacking tents, clothing and chemical repellants made do with what was at hand, and you can still try some of their tricks today. Cedar is one wood that repels all insects. Native people spread cedar shavings in their dwellings and rubbed crush cedar needles all over their skin as a natural repellant. The other method they relied on was using smoke to keep mosquitoes out of their homes and away from their camps. This is done by building smudge fires. A smudge fire is a small smoky fire fed with lots of green wood and leaves to increase the amount of smoke. Smoke is very effective at keeping mosquitoes at bay, but it takes some getting used to.
Armed with a tent, proper clothing, chemical repellant and the ability to make fire, the modern wilderness traveler can usually spend the night in the worst kinds of places without being driven insane by incessant mosquitoes.
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