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Brisbane is Australia's third largest city and was founded as a penal colony - one of the toughest in Australia - in 1823. With its own internal expansion and with Queensland becoming a self-governing colony in 1859, Brisbane became the state capital. Its growth as a port and mining area continued into the Twentieth Century, but real expansion came much more rapidly in the 1960s and 1970s with a mining boom in the area.
This rapid growth relatively late in its history gives Brisbane a mixture of decentralized urban environment with distinct communities throughout the city - actually a remnant of its early days as a penal colony. You can also find 19th century architecture in the older areas in the Spring Hill section, and a modern cosmopolitan culture, in art and architecture, from its mid-Twentieth Century growth.
Brisbane enjoys two world-class botanic gardens, City Botanic Gardens and the Mount Coot-tha Botanic Gardens. The City Botanic Gardens were built in 1855 right on the Brisbane River in downtown Brisbane and is a true oasis in the city's urban landscape. It's especially known for its waterfowl and mangroves. The Mount Coot-tha Gardens are just west of the city center in the foothills of the Mount Coot-tha Forest Park and was founded in 1976. Included in the park is the Brisbane Planetarium, Australia's largest.
Not far from the City Botanic Gardens you can find a number of the late 19th century buildings that are part of Brisbane's early history. Queenland's Parliament House was begun in 1865 with French Renaissance models in mind and is an impressive structure both inside and out. Still used as the seat of government, the building can be enjoyed both for its architecture as well as for the debates of government. Its stained-glass windows are especially notable.
Very near to Parliament House is the group of 1890's three-story terraced houses called the Mansions. Not only can you appreciate the buildings here but you also can take advantage of the fine shops and restaurants that are part of the Mansions complex.
If you enjoy walking along the parks and gardens of Brisbane and admiring the architecture old and new of the city, you will notice something very special about the city - it's in a subtropical climate. The weather can be hot in the summers in the city and the pace of life reflects this fact.
Brisbane offers an extraordinarily varied cultural life to draw you inside, however. Much of this world of culture is centered in the Queensland Cultural Center just on the opposite side of the Brisbane River from Parliament House and the City Botanic Gardens and over the Victoria Bridge.
The Cultural Center contains the State Library, the Performing Arts Complex, the Queensland Art Gallery and the Queensland Museum. This is the area for classical music and opera, for theater and for the ambitious Queensland Ballet. The Ballet has a very solid reputation both as a touring company and as a center for dance education and training for young and aspiring professional dancers.
Brisbane is less and less "off the beaten track" as it attracts visitors from around the world to its beaches and casinos, to its parks and gardens, and to its relaxed atmosphere in the middle of a very modern urban center.
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