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First and foremost, the salon you choose should be licensed by the appropriate state agency. All states have a board of cosmetology that oversees nail salons. Salons are subject to inspections and have to follow certain safety guidelines to qualify for a license. This certificate should be up to date and openly displayed in the salon.
In addition to the salon itself, each manicurist should have a current license posted at his or her work station. While the license requirements vary by state, it certifies that the technician has performed a certain amount of service hours and has passed an exam in practices and safety techniques. Because most pedicures are performed in special chairs away from a manicurist¡¯s station, make sure you ask to see your technician¡¯s license.
A key indication of how safe a salon is lies in how it handles its tools. While heat sterilization is best, chemical sterilization is more common. All tools should be completely immersed in hospital-grade disinfectant for at least 10 minutes between clients. You should be able to see your technician remove them from the disinfectant bath before using them on you. Disinfectant chemicals should be stored in their original containers and clearly marked. If you are not sure how the tools are cleaned, make sure that you ask. If the manicurist cannot answer you, leave the salon.
One way to avoid any concerns over infection spread by tools is to bring your own. Some salons also set aside specific tools for each regular client - your set should be clearly labeled and stored away between visits. If you choose this method, make sure you confirm that the tools the technician takes out are actually yours.
All tools that cannot be disinfected should be discarded after each client. These include emery boards, toe separators, orange sticks, and any cotton products. You should see the manicurist take out new items for you.
A major cause of infection is the bacteria found in the pedicure whirlpool. Check the basin of the whirlpool before you sit in the chair - it should be thoroughly cleaned and disinfected between clients. Ask how frequently the whirlpool filters are cleaned. They should be cleared of hair and skin debris weekly, at the very least. A safer alternative is to choose a salon that uses a freestanding basin for pedicures - these tend to be cleaner because the water needs to be replaced between each client.
A good gauge of salon safety is its general care and cleanliness. The salon should be regularly swept and dusted, and all the stations should be cleared off completely and cleaned before each client. Food should be kept away from the individual stations and nail products. Smoking is never permitted as many chemicals used in a nail salon are hazardous and flammable. All towels should be freshly laundered - you should see the technician put out clean towels for your feet before your pedicure. All technicians should wash their hands between services.
Lastly, make sure the salon does not use razors or sharp instruments to remove rough skin or calluses. This practice can lead to serious infections, and is actually illegal in some states. Cuticles should be trimmed carefully, not removed. The salon should refuse service to anyone who appears to have a nail infection.
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