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Yoga is an ancient Indian art form of balancing mind and body through breath control and a series of exercises. Though it simply means union in Sanskrit, it actually comprises of a number of styles from the purely physical to purely spiritual and everything in between to reach that balance. It is a method of learning that aims to attain the unity of mind, body, and spirit through three main Yoga structures: Exercise, Breathing, and Meditation.
There are about ten different schools of yoga. Each school¡®s style comprises of some special techniques which makes it different from the other styles. However, the basic structure of all the schools remains the same. The different schools of yoga are, Bhakti Yoga, Patanjali¡¯s Yoga, Karma Yoga, Sahaj Yoga, Swara Yoga, Raj Yoga, Kriya Yoga, Mantra Yoga, Jana Yoga, Hath Yoga and Kundalini Yoga.
Broadly, Yoga comprises of ,Yama(principles), Niyama(personal disciplines),Yogasanas (yogic postures),Pranayam(yogic breathing ), Pratyahara(with- drawl of senses),Dharana (concentration on object ) Dhyan(meditation) and Samadhi (salvation).
Postures are gentle stretching movements designed to help balance the mind and body. The Yoga Postures are designed to rejuvenate the brain, spine, glands and internal organs. They work by increasing the blood and prana supply to these areas and by stimulating them with a gentle squeezing action.
There are four basic positions in yoga called the asanas: 1) the Standing position 2) the Sitting positions 3) the Supine position, and 4) the Prone position. Each of the above poses is further sub-divided into various other postures which are practiced in the course of learning. Here, we are trying to get a basic knowledge of all the four basic poses.
Standing pose: The standing position is performed by standing erect with the feet quite close together, both the heels and the big toes touching each other. Hands touching thighs, this position help achieve stability of pulse. Standing postures require both strength and flexibility and categorize most of the advanced asanas. The various important sub-poses of standing position include, Veerasana, Trikonasana and Vrikshasana.
Sitting pose: The sitting position is the one where one sits with both legs together and stretched, toes erect, spine erect and both hands straight and palms resting on the floor. Most seated postures are suitable for the beginners as the majority is easily adapted to any level of strength or flexibility. Padmaasana, Dhyanmudra and Vajraasana are some of the important sub- poses in this section.
Supine pose: The supine position is performed by lying down on the back with the legs together, straight extended, the toes erect and the hands straight and palms resting on the floor. Supine positions are done on the back and are a great way to end your yoga practice. Supine postures release stress and promote flexibility. Matsayasana, Tadagasana and Shavaasana are the important sub- poses in this category.
Prone pose: In the prone position you lie down on front side of the chest and abdomen with the chin on the floor. Both hands should lie besides the thighs, and palms should rest on the floor. This is a belly down posture and builds the core body strength in the low back and abs. Prone postures are simple enough for the beginners yet very challenging to hold on for long. Sub- poses for the prone position include Sarpasana or Bhujangasana both mean the same and Dhanurasana.
All these basic postures are associated with some basic movements these movements are very useful to beginners, who want to start doing yoga but don't have any experience of yoga or any other exercise. There are many joints in our body, in our regular life some of these joints are overused and some are rarely used which may create problems at later stages of life. Basic movements help maintain the healthy condition of the joints in our body which sometime get overused and strained or are rarely used and become stiff besides being useful to prepare the body to take up Yoga. The basic movements are the neck movements, shoulder movements, hand movements, leg movements, and the knee movements.
Also noteworthy, is the fact that even before one starts practicing Yogasanas it is essential to know the principles (Yam) and personal disciplines (Niyama) of practicing Yoga. The Yogasanas (Yogic postures) are the third step in the process and Yam and the Niyama come before that. If the study of Yoga is done ignoring these Yam and Niyama, the results of the studies will not be as expected. Hence, to seek the desired results from Yoga, these Yam and Niyama should be faithfully observed. One cannot negotiate in this aspect. If the Yam and Niyama are not observed fully, the benefits of the studies will also fail to accrue fully. This is true regarding any science. Yam directs about how a common man should behave in the society, whereas Niyama guides the individual behavior. These are followed because Yoga considers every aspect of human life. While considering an individual, Yoga has thought of both the body as well as the mind. As an individual is a subject belonging to the society, Yoga, as a science, has considered the society as well.
There are basically five Yams and five Niyama. Patanjali¡¯s Yoga has described these Yam and Niyama. Similar to the case of basic postures, the basic principles (Yam) and personal disciplines (Niyama) are the same for all the schools with some additions to them by schools individually. And so, Hath Yoga has described ten Yam and ten Niyama instead of five. It is important to note that all the postures should be practiced with controlled breathing and that¡¯s where one needs to learn about Pranayam (the Yogic breathing) which is a part of the whole exercise process. There are certain other pre-requisites of Yoga which one should know before starting to practice. Some of them are as follows: Firstly the yogic postures should not be practiced for long duration at one time if the person is below 12 years of age. Also to get the maximum results it is advisable to practice for at least 35 to 40 minutes at a stretch in case of an adult.
There are certain food restrictions too, which should be followed, that¡¯s the stomach should be empty while practicing, which means that the solid food should have been consumed at least 3.5 hours before practicing and liquid one hour before. Although, the best suited time to practice is early morning hours but it can also be practiced in the afternoon after following the food restrictions. It is good to have a spacious, airy and bright space away from disturbances to practice yoga. The clothes should be comfortable loose, clean, the undergarments are necessary and so is a mat or a carpet below. Yoga should not be practiced on bare floor. Yoga prefers vegetarian diet. Also, women should not practice Yoga during pregnancy and menstruation. Yoga is different from exercise as it doesn't involve speedy movements, but instead very slow and steady movements. It helps achieve relaxation which reduces stress & strain. Very few calories are consumed during yogasanas practice and metabolism rate of the body also drops which means reduced aging process. Less food is required as digestive power is increased
It is better to learn Yoga systematically, under the guidance of a knowledgeable teacher, there are a number of websites on the internet devoted to Yoga where one can get detailed information about the processes. Yoga gives miraculous results when done faithfully and systematically over a period of time. It¡¯s a great medium of achieving a shapely body and a healthy mind. All you need is to believe in what you are doing! |
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