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Burns to the skin can be minor, like sunburn, or major like an electrical burn, but they are all painful and should be treated right away to avoid infection and further complications. The first step is to determine the degree of the burn. They are categorized as first, second and third degrees.
First degree burns only affect the skin¡¯s surface. Examples of first degree burns are minor sunburns or a curling iron burn. First degree burns should be soaked in or held under cool water for about five minutes minimum. Do not ice the skin or use very cold water which might allow the skin to feel numb; this could further damage the skin tissue. After running the burn under cold water, dab it dry with a clean, soft towel and treat it topically with aloe vera gel/cream or an antibiotic ointment, both available over-the-counter. Do not follow old wives¡¯ tales and use anything else to relieve pain such as butter or shortening. These substances can actually hold the heat in your burn and cause further damage. You can relieve the pain and swelling of a first degree burn internally with over-the-counter pain relievers such as ibuprofen or acetaminophen. A very large or extremely painful first degree burn should be looked at by a doctor.
A second degree burn is accompanied by blisters or skin that separates, for example, peeling sunburn or a burn caused by boiling water. A second degree burn should be soaked in cool water for about 15 minutes, and a cold cloth applied for few minutes each day for a week or so to help heal the burn. After soaking the burn, apply an antibiotic cream to prevent infection and a clean, dry medical bandage, preferably a non-stick cotton bandage. Change this bandage daily and always clean the burn with water and antibacterial soaps or medicines to prevent infection. Be careful not to open or break the blisters. Check the burn each day to make sure it is healing. If the burn is getting worse or there is puss, increased swelling or increased pain and redness, contact a physician. You can also use over-the-counter pain relievers to help relieve the pain of a second degree burn. Second degree burns are capable of dehydrating an individual, so drink plenty of water. If a second degree burn is very large or painful, you should see a doctor.
The most severe type of burn is a third degree burn. Third degree burns damage many layers of skin and cause nerve damage, so you may not feel as much pain, but that can be a bad sign. Third degree burns should always be treated by a doctor. Don¡¯t touch the burn, even to remove debris. This could further injure your burn or cause infection. With third degree burns, there is a much higher risk of infection and dehydration, so be sure to seek medical help.
You should always seek medical attention for other types of dangerous burns, such as chemical or electrical burns. Attempting to treat these burns yourself could result in further injury or even death.
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