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"Migraine" is a term used to describe a disabling, often exceptionally painful form of headache, comparable neither in its intensity nor its origin to the everyday tension headache. The term derives from the Greek "hemikranion", which describes the fact that the pain of the disease affects one side of the head at a time. This is one significant factor that can differentiate a migraine from an intense tension headache, and the two ailments are very frequently subject to confusion, especially at the hands of laypersons. Medical professionals are familiar with the symptoms which differentiate migraines, which include:
- Sharp, intense pain in one hemisphere (side, such as left or right) of the head.
- Potential nausea, physical disorientation, or vomiting.
- Photophobia, a physical aversion to light. An individual suffering a migraine will usually favor dim light or darkness, as direct light will have the effect of aggravating the pain caused by the condition.
- Possible visual abnormality, including "aura" (also "scatoma"), which affects about fifteen percent of migraine sufferers. This phenomenon occurs as vascular abnormalities produce regions of respectively stimulated and depressed nerve activity in the brain, often causing flashing sparkles or arcs of light in the vision that may forewarn an oncoming migraine.
To be clear, there are two major classifications of migraine, "classic" and "common". The most severe migraines, and those which include most of the above symptoms, including the preceding aura effect, are classified as "classic", and are generally rare, affecting only a small portion of the population. Common migraines, on the other hand, affect most individuals at some point, and are significantly milder in symptoms, not being preceded by aura.
Migraines are in fact a neurovascular ailment, or one relating to the blood supply of the brain. This said, migraines are not as severe or as dangerous as an actual interruption of blood oxygen to the brain, as occurs in cases of stroke. The specific cause of migraines, however, is somewhat poorly understood at this time by medicine, save that it is related to an extreme dilation of the blood vessels surrounding the brain, believed to be in connection with certain chemical and electrical factors. Traditional medicine and modern scientific inquiry have helped to identify certain things, especially chemicals in certain foods, that may trigger migraines for some individuals. While it is to some degree recommended that any patient with migraines or suspected of having migraines learn to identify personal triggers, there are some substances that seem to trigger migraines in many or all sufferers. Among these substances are alcohol, caffeine, nitrate-preservative foods (such as pepperoni and hot dogs, or smoked foods), and certain nuts. Flickering or intense light is known to trigger migraines in some individuals. Other factors, such as intense daily stress and changes in climate or weather (including atmospheric pressure, such as during a storm) are also known migraine triggers. Some sufferers may even respond to specific intense odors.
If you believe you suffer from migraines, you may wish to seek professional medical help, depending upon the severity of your attacks. There are numerous medical options available for the treatment of migraine headaches, including traditional and alternative methods. Professional consultation is recommended before engaging in any line of treatment. |
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