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A heart murmur is actually neither a disease, in itself, nor necessarily indicative of a disease, but is rather a common symptom of what is usually a minor heart problem, especially when heard in infants. However, a severe murmur, or a murmur that persists despite the growth of the child can indicate a potentially severe heart defect.
Each of the heart's lower chambers is divided from the upper chambers by a series of flap-like valves, which exist to keep blood flowing in one directly only. When there is a minor defect in these valves, blood being pumped into one valve tends to run back, if only a little bit, into the previous one. When a doctor listens to someone's heart with a stethoscope, there is usually what is called a "lub" and a "dub", the first being the "systolic" sound and the latter being the "diastolic" sound. These sounds are actually the closing of the valves of the heart as it beats. In someone with a heart murmur, there is a gentle whooshing sound after the valve closure: the sound of blood rushing past these partially closed valves and back into the previous chamber.
Depending upon the severity of the murmur, this may or may not be serious. Usually, the heart pumps more than enough blood to make up for minor backflow. However, if the backflow is great, or affects multiple valves, this may remarkably decrease the efficiency of the heart, weakening circulation.
As you may know, listening to a patient's heart is a part of a routine medical examination, so heart murmurs that occur later in life are only going to be found if you are regularly examined, as with most disorders. Infants are checked for this sort of defect upon birth.
While it is frightening to learn that a newborn may be the victim of a heart defect, it should be known that only a few cases of heart murmurs persist past the first few years of life. While this may put your child at a higher risk for other problems early on, as the body and heart grow it is likely that the valve will "mend" itself as it matures.
Most people who are diagnosed with a heart murmur feel no symptoms, but those who have heart difficulty may feel pain in the chest, a shortness of breath, or general fatigue. Some, especially newborns, may experience cyanosis, a bluish tint to the extremities and face. Cyanosis in infants may be indicative of a heart defect, but may disappear on its own in weeks or even days.
Heart murmurs may also put you into a higher risk category for some other complications, like a heart infection. Some forms of anesthesia may put you at risk, as well. Inform any anesthesiologists you use of your potential condition so that you may go on preventative antibiotics or receive alternative treatments for the safest possible outcome. If you are diagnosed with a heart murmur, you should make a special effort to visit with a doctor or cardiologist in the future to continue monitoring of the condition. |
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