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Insomnia, the inability to get enough sleep, affects millions of Americans. Most people experience an occasional sleepless night with no adverse consequences, but persons afflicted with insomnia regularly fail to sleep well, which affects their daytime activities. Insomnia is difficult to diagnose, but by carefully considering the symptoms and probable causes, it is easy to apply common sense tips to improve regular sleep.
Everyone needs a different amount of sleep to feel rejuvenated, and therefore insomnia cannot be defined strictly by the number of hours an individual sleeps each night. Insomnia is characterized by persistent difficulty in falling asleep as well as awakening frequently throughout the night or waking too early and not being able to return to sleep. This causes chronic fatigue and high irritability, often adversely affecting work performance and increasing accident risks.
Persons with chronic insomnia are often in poor health because their bodies lack sufficient repair time each night. Lack of sleep gradually accumulates to a significant debt that may cause more significant problems and long-lasting effects.
Insomnia has numerous physical and psychological causes. Stress and anxiety are two of the most common causes, because individuals go to bed but are unable to relax their minds sufficiently for adequate sleep. Any strong emotion, including anger, depression, excitement, and frustration can induce temporary insomnia.
Physical conditions also cause insomnia. Women are more prone to suffer from insomnia, as are the elderly. In the latter case, poor health, lower activity levels, and stress related to retirement and financial concerns often causes sleepless nights. Any forcible disruption of the body¡¯s natural circadian rhythm, including extensive travel or a change in work shifts, contributes to insomnia. Consuming stimulants such as coffee or soda before bed elevates the body¡¯s heart rate and makes sleep more difficult. A painful injury or poor sleep environment can also keep you awake.
One of the best ways to determine if you have insomnia is to keep a sleep journal. For a minimum of two weeks, record when you go to bed, any sleep-oriented problems you encounter, how often you wake during the night, and what time you eventually get up the next day. Also take note of any symptoms such as irritability, fatigue, or poor health that may indicate a serious problem. Compare entries to discover patterns of sleeplessness, and if these patterns continue for more than a week, insomnia may be a valid concern. Remember, occasional sleepless nights are perfectly normal, but a recurrent pattern may indicate greater problems.
Your sleep journal also helps determine what causes your insomnia. If you persistently worry after going to bed, record what you worry about each night and try to resolve those problems during the day, or schedule a ¡°worry time¡± when you can fret freely, helping your mind relax. If your bedroom is too hot, noisy, or generally uncomfortable, take steps to remedy the problems. Avoid caffeine, alcohol, and nicotine right before bed, any of which can contribute to sleeplessness. By recording the problems you¡¯ve had over several nights, you can easily work to rectify them and improve your sleep.
Other tips for relieving insomnia include establishing a bedtime ritual, such as checking door locks, turning out lights, brushing your teeth, and adhering to a regular bedtime. This gradually trains your body to interpret these actions as sleep clues, creating a pattern to alleviate insomnia. General relaxation techniques including a warm bath, soft music, aromatherapy, and light reading may also help put your mind and body at ease for a good night¡¯s sleep.
To control severe sleeplessness, avoid napping during the day and make an effort to exercise in the afternoon or early evening to help reduce your body¡¯s nervous energy. Hiding the bedroom clock so that you cannot watch each minute reduces worries about not falling asleep immediately, letting your mind relax more easily. Sleeping pills or other medication should always be a last resort, and is a viable short-term option only after consulting with a health care professional.
Nearly one-third of adults suffer from periodic insomnia that causes irritability and excessive daytime fatigue. By examining the individual causes of insomnia, however, it is possible to adopt a bedtime ritual, more comfortable sleep environment, or relaxation techniques to improve sleep quality and duration. Such easy solutions will quickly have most insomnia sufferers off to sleep for hours of sweet dreams.
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