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There are several different types of audio cables available, ranging from specialized heavy duty audio cables for professional use to 1/4 inch cables used by musicians, and right down to the RCA type cables found in home environments. Of the many cables on the market, the RCA cable and the 1/8-inch audio cable are the most commonly used in home applications.
RCA cables are normally used in VCR, DVD, stereo, and home theatre set-ups. 1/8-inch mini plug cables are generally used with computer audio set-ups and personal stereo systems such as portable cassette and mini cassette recorders and other audio listening devices. This is a guide to building RCA audio cables, those most frequently needed by home audio enthusiasts.
Before getting started, gather the following supplies (keep in mind that 2 connectors are need for each cable, that¡¯s one for each end!):
Soldering iron
Solder
Solder paste (or solder flux)
RCA connectors
1/8-inch mini plug connectors
Bulk shielded 2 or 3 conductor audio cable cut to desired length
Cable strippers
Ohm meter
These steps can be used for either type of cable; where necessary an extra (B) step is added to distinguish between RCA cables and 1/8-inch mini plug cables.
Step 1
Cut cables to desired length; when deciding how long to make the cables, keep in mind that you will need extra length in case you need to pull components out and look at the connections.
Step 2
Strip back audio cable jacket 1/2 to 3/4 inches to expose inner lead wires. Choose one color lead for the center conductor and use the other as a ground wire. For example, if the two inner wires are red and black, use red for the center conductor (commonly referred to as the tip) and use black for the outer flange (or ground). Whatever you choose, be sure both ends of the cable match. Slip connector body onto cable.
Step 2B
If you are building mini plug cables use 3 conductor audio cable and strip back jacket 1/2 to 3/4 inches just as above. A 3 conductor audio cable commonly has red, white, and black leads. Use red for the tip, black for the ring and white for the sleeve. The sleeve will act as ground. (If you only have 2-conductor audio cable, use a small gauge non-metallic wire as the third lead. Wrap around the shield several times and solder. This will be your ground wire.)
Slip connector body onto cable.
Step 3
Strip back the colored jacket on each lead. For the tip, only expose as much of the wire as you need for the solder point; too much excess will lead to a weak cable prone to interference. Tin the end of this lead (apply minute amount of flux to lead, then touch lead with hot soldering iron and solder simultaneously). Cut the lead wire for the ground a bit shorter.
Step 4
Crimp the wire in place and solder the longer lead to the tip. Apply flux to the other lead and solder to the short post, this will be your ground (if the your connectors do not have a short post solder second lead to the back of the connector.
Step 4B
Crimp the wire in place and solder leads to tip (center conductor), ring, and sleeve (ground).
Step 5
Screw connector body in place and test cable with Ohm meter to check continuity. |
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