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The joists are part of the primary structural framework of any deck or wood floor. Damaged or rotten joists are a big problem, since the structural integrity of the deck is dependant upon them. Replacing one or more joists, however, is a big undertaking in most cases, because of the very nature of the joists and how they are used in the construction of the deck. Access to the joists is usually possible only by removal of the deck planking that covers them, so replacing joists is essentially an exercise in rebuilding a deck.
Most decks are built on pilings or posts which are connected together with heavy beams that form the perimeter of the deck. In between these beams, forming the framing of the deck, are the joists, usually spaced on 16 or 24-inch centers to provide support for the deck planking and a place to nail the planking down. These joists are most often of dimensional lumber in the ¡°2x¡± thickness that is actually 1 ? inches thick. Depending on the length of the span between beams, these joists might be as small as 2x6 inches or as large as 2x12.
To replace joists, first remove the deck planking by extracting the deck screws, or if nailed down, by prying up the planking with a ¡°wrecking bar¡± or ¡°crow bar¡± and a hammer. If done carefully, the planking can be reused if it is still in good shape. Some planks might be broken in this process, however, especially if they are nailed down with typical decking nails, which are ring-shanked or spiraled with the express purpose of being hard to extract.
Once the decking is out of the way, the size of the joists can be determined and the method by which they were installed can be seen. Sometimes they are simply nailed into the beams and sometimes they are installed with metal ¡°joist-hangers.¡± Either way, things were simpler for the carpenter who built the structure than for the one who must repair it. Sometimes it is necessary to cut the joists in the middle of the span with a Skilsaw in order to remove them. Once cut, the ends can be twisted back and forth or hammered free of the nails that hold them into the beams.
Install new joists by carefully measuring the span between beams and cutting the new joist lumber to the exact dimensions required to fit. Some joists are also notched at the ends if they are installed with a support ledge rather than joist hangers, so it might be necessary to duplicate these notches if the old beams were cut this way. When the new joist are installed it might not be possible to nail them in through the beams as it was when the deck was built, because most deck beams are constructed by doubling the 2x lumber they are built of. If this is the case, you must ¡°toe nail¡± the joist into the beams by nailing at an angle, or use metal joist hangers to install them.
Once the new joists are in place, it¡¯s time to replace the decking. If it is still in good shape and only a small portion of it had to be removed for joist replacement, you might be able to get away with nailing it right back down the way it came up. Another option is to turn it over to place the good side up, as it is often only the top that is weathered. If all or most of the decking had to be removed anyway, you might consider replacing all the planking while you¡¯re at it and thus have what is essentially a new deck. |
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