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Asbestos was once considered a wonder material for building. A mineral, asbestos is fire-resistant and a good insulator. Because of these characteristics, it was used extensively in building materials in the 1940's through the 1970's. Then the substance was discovered to be linked with certain lung cancers.
Now the homes that were built with asbestos in the insulation are often the ones being remodeled. Because asbestos is so dangerous, proper techniques must be used when working with these materials. If in doubt about whether an insulation material contains asbestos, an EPA Regional Office can give you information about finding a laboratory to test the material.
Unfortunately, asbestos can deteriorate into a powder that is made up of tiny hair-like particles. These particles, when breathed, lodge in the lungs, bringing about cancer and other health problems. The materials that are most likely to give off asbestos fibers are those that are "friable." This means that the material has been damaged or has aged to the point that it can be crumbled with the hand. Non-friable materials can also give off fibers when they are sawn, sanded, or drilled. When major renovation of a building or home is taking place, owners naturally desire the existing asbestos containing insulation and other materials be removed. Unfortunately, improper removal techniques can stir up the fibers and cause more problems.
The U.S. government and state governments certify contractors in asbestos removal. Training for certification usually takes 3 days and consists of hands-on instruction. When hiring a contractor who will be removing asbestos insulation, make sure he has been certified.
While removal of asbestos insulation and other asbestos containing materials (ACMs) may seem to always be desirable, it is often a better and safer plan to repair the material and leave it in place. In some cases, ACMs can be "encapsulated," or sealed so that they cannot give off fibers. The sealant binds the fibers together and coats the ACM. Like removal, encapsulation also requires a trained professional.
When a contractor decides that removal is in order, they will do several things to insure safety. First, they will make sure the heating, air conditioning, and ventilation systems in the house are turned off. This reduces the danger of the fibers being spread throughout the house. They will mark off the area as hazardous and off-limits, and will keep your family and pets out of the area. They will make provisions not to track the dust through the home, as well. Finally, they should clean up with wet mops, sponges or rags. If the contractor does not seem to be following these precautions, speak up.
A certified asbestos removal contractor will probably have a special vacuum cleaner known as a HEPA vacuum. This stands for "high efficiency particulate air." These vacuums contain special filters for controlling air particles such as asbestos fibers. The contractor should also use respirator masks, disposable clothing, and gloves. He should have equipment for evaluating the air in the home when he is done.
Loose attic insulation is often made up of vermiculite. Vermiculite, like asbestos, is a naturally occurring mineral that must be mined from the earth. The vermiculite used before 1990 was often tainted with asbestos fibers. The mines producing today's vermiculite contain low levels of asbestos contamination. If you have older vermiculite insulation, the best thing you can do is to leave it undisturbed. If you must use the attic and the insulation is exposed, you should hire a professional to remove it or permanently cover it. The most important thing is to not disturb it. Ordinary dust masks do not protect you from asbestos fibers.
Attic insulation can sometimes sift through the ceiling and into the home below. If you suspect this is happening, paint the ceiling to seal any existing cracks.
Asbestos exposure causes a deadly form of lung cancer called mesothelioma. This cancer develops slowly and is often undetected until very late in its course. Other lung diseases are linked to asbestos exposure as well. Children are at greater risk than adults. Smokers are more likely to develop lung diseases related to asbestos exposure. Since asbestos fibers stay in the body, each exposure causes these fibers to build up. The best way to prevent asbestos related illness is to limit your exposure to asbestos fibers. This is best accomplished by having a professional remove or encapsulate your asbestos containing insulation and other materials. |
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