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Nails have been used for decades as fasteners designed to join materials together. The very first nails were heat-forged. After the advent of machinery, nails were manufactured by cutting them from sheets of metal. Most of the nails we purchase today are manufactured from stainless steel or steel. They are drawn and cut from rolls of wire and made in a variety of sizes, styles, and materials to facilitate the type of joining work required.
Before you purchase nails, you should first consider the composition of the materials that you need to join. Wood, metal, and masonry all use different kinds of nails. The thickness of the materials is also important, as this will determine the length of the nails. In addition, you should calculate the weight or strength specifications. For example, nails for construction work require a different weight and strength than those that are used to hang a wall decoration. You should also determine whether your work will be permanent or just a temporary fix. If it will not be permanent then it would be better to use a screw instead of a nail. Another very important factor that should be considered is the circumstances under which the joining will be done. There are specific differences between nails used for outdoor and indoor work.
Nails are sold by weight or length. Wood nails, which are also called wire nails, are classified according to length. Nails are weighed in English pounds and the weight is usually written on the box with the letter ¡°D.¡± The ¡°D¡± signifies a pound in weight, applied to the weight in pounds of one thousand nails. Nails are usually sold in lengths of 1" to 6" and as they get longer their thickness increases. If a nail exceeds six inches in length, it is usually referred to as a spike.
Nail heads vary in size and design to make them adaptable for various types of joining work. For example, smaller head nails are chosen for finishing jobs because they can be driven in, filled, and painted over. Larger framing nails are designed with corrugated heads to minimize the risk of a hammer slipping and causing accidents. Nails that are used for outdoor joining work are usually galvanized or coated with zinc to prevent rusting. Some nails are also treated with an adhesive coating that makes them have a stronger bond. The adhesive heats while the nail is being driven into the material and solidifies as it cools. Non coated nails are described as bright.
Other nails are created with rings, spirals or barbs which are called deformations. These deformations enable the nail to be driven securely into wood fibers while increasing the holding power of the nail. However, coated or ringed nails are more difficult to remove than regular nails and can cause damage to the material when they are dislodged. Duplex nails or Scaffold nails are used on work that is not permanent. They have double-heads, which make them ideal for easy removal. Nails can be used for general purposes, flooring, drywall, roofing, finishing, tack, upholstery, and heavy duty joining work. Here is a brief description of the kinds of nails used for each of these fastening projects.
General-purpose: Common nails are used for construction and rough fastening jobs. They are thick, tough, generic, nails with a large flat head. Box nails are short, thin shaped nails that are smaller than common nails. They have blunt tips that will not split when driven into wood. Sinker nails or cooler nails are thick nails with a low profile head that are used for general framing.
Flooring: Cut flooring nails are used whenever there is a need to nail flooring through edges without splitting the wood. The nails are rectangular in shape with a blunt tip. Spiral nails look like screws and turn in a screw-like manner when they are being hammered. Spiral nails are used to secure flooring.
Drywall & Roofing: Nails that are used to attach drywall to wooden studs have large heads and rings. Roofing nails encompass a large variety of nails that are used for roofing projects. They have large heads and ringed shanks. Roofing nails are usually treated to prevent rusting and may also have metal, lead or plastic washers.
Finishing: Work that entails concealing the nail head from view requires finishing nails. These nails are small with cupped heads; they can be countersunk (driven below the surface level of the wood) and then filled over or painted. Panel nails look like finishing nails but they usually have rings. They are mainly used for attaching paneling to walls and are available in matching colors. Brad nails are used to attach molding to walls or furniture. They are a smaller type of the finishing nail and can be as long as an inch. Casing nails are used to attach case molding or rough trim in areas that require strength and concealment. They are thick and heavy with a small head.
Tack & Upholstery: The nails used for tacking are fashioned in a cut or round design. They are very short with a large head and pointed tip. They are used to fasten upholstery, carpet or other simple fastening jobs. Upholstery nails have short, ornamental heads that enable them to enhance the fabric while holding the material in place.
Heavy-duty: Spikes are usually used for heavy-duty jobs. They are a longer, tougher category of nails. Gutter spikes are elongated galvanized nails that are 7"-8" long and they are used to secure guttering. Masonry or concrete spikes are made of thick, hard steel with grooves. They are used to secure wood, brick or concrete. Other kinds of spike nails are used for heavy framework, fastening timbers etc. They are large nails with a length of over six inches.
Selecting the correct nails for your joining project can be overwhelming. However, if you follow the guidelines given in this article you will be able to choose the right nail for the job and achieve the best results. |
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