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To keep azaleas looking healthy, it is essential to choose appropriate planting locations and practice proper plant care. Azaleas look most attractive when they are planted alone; however, mass plantings work well in larger areas near pines or next to ponds. Since flower coverage on azaleas encompass the entire shrub, placing them in a background of conifers, such as pines or hemlocks, or other acid-loving plants will help set off colors and minimize their heavy effect.
These shrubs should be planted in spring and prefer cool, lightly shaded sites. Full sun can burn leaves while heavy shade deprives them of necessary oxygen and results in poor blooming and weak growth. Azaleas have shallow roots and require well-drained, acidic soil. In poorly drained areas, azaleas should be placed in raised beds. To help conserve water, maintain soil temperature, and discourage weeds, mulch shrubs with pine straw or composted pine barks. Replenish mulch yearly.
Organic soil and mulch generally provide azaleas with sufficient nutrients; therefore, frequent fertilizing is often not required. However, if there are low amounts of nitrogen in the soil, applying fertilizer may be necessary to prevent a nutrient deficiency. Symptoms of deficiency in azaleas include stunted growth, smaller greenish-yellow leaves, or early leaf drop. Fertilizing of these shrubs should take place in late spring to early fall.
Although azaleas are generally free of pests and diseases, common problems do exist. Insects that can affect azaleas include lace bugs and spider mites. Lace bugs are more likely to target shrubs that are grown in areas of full sun. Petal blight, leaf spots, and root rot are common diseases associated with these deciduous shrubs. Locating azaleas in proper locations with good drainage, watering often, and conserving water with mulch reduce chances of plant damage due to these pests and diseases.
For bushier growth or to maintain a more compact appearance, prune azaleas after blooming has expired. Azaleas can also be thinned out by removing branches to allow for additional growth or to encourage the growth of inner branches. Cutting back the branches of these shrubs can be implemented in order to renew overgrown plants or create hedges.
Hemlocks are evergreen belonging to the pine family and work well with azaleas. These trees make exceptional screens, hedges, or windbreaks. Hemlocks can be planted in either full sun or shade. As with azaleas, hemlocks prefer fertile, well-drained, and acidic soil. They also require frequent watering and are intolerant of heat, which will burn the tree. During times of excessively warm weather, trimming is not recommended.
Hemlocks are susceptible to certain insect problems. Woolly adelgids can be found on the undersides of needles. These insects cover themselves in a white cotton-looking substance and feed on nitrogen. For this reason, it is helpful to keep nitrogen levels in the soil to a minimum. Spider mites also affect hemlocks and give trees a grayish-brown color. Scales are small black insects that may be found on the lower parts of needles.
Controlling these insect problems is necessary for maintaining healthy plants. The use of horticultural oil from April through May usually smothers and kills insect eggs. Thoroughly covering insects with insecticidal soaps, keeping plants free of weeds, and frequent hosing down with water will also work.
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