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¡°The Stock Market, The New York Stock Exchange, Wall Street,¡± Do these words send you fleeing in terror, or feeling slightly ill? Perhaps you feel intrigued by the thought of investing, but are too afraid of all of the horror stories that you've heard to ever do anything about it? Well, relax. The stock market is only scary if you let it be.
First of all, what is the stock market? Well, simply put, it's where investors can buy and sell pieces of various publicly-owned companies. As an example, do you like Wal-Mart? Well, Wally World is a publicly-traded company, meaning that anyone who wants to can buy a portion of ownership in the company (aka "shares"). Most publicly-traded companies have billions of shares, so people can invest their money into them at their heart's content. If the company does well, more people want to buy those shares so the price of the shares goes up and the shareholders make money. If the company does poorly or is wracked with scandal, people don't want to buy it (and want to get rid of what they have) and the price goes down, sometimes drastically (think Enron.)
As you can see by this fluctuation, there is a great potential to both make and lose money in the stock market. The adage that I'm sure you've heard of "Buy low, sell high" is pretty much the best advice that I can give; if a company has potential and is reasonably priced, feel free to buy as much as you want and hope that the prices rise. If you feel that the company has pretty much peaked, sell off at least some of what you own for a profit, and then watch to see if prices fall. (The other option, not selling the shares and seeing if the stock recovers at a later date, is sometimes best if you're investing long-term or as part of a retirement plan.)
Speaking of things you've likely heard, let's talk about "diversifying your portfolio." While this may sound confusing to people who didn't even know that they had a portfolio, all that it basically means is to buy a variety of stocks and bonds in different categories so that if one section of the market starts doing poorly, then you'll be leveled out by another section that's doing well. Example: Among your stocks, you own shares of Lucent Technologies, which is a telecommunications company, as well as the afore-mentioned Wal-Mart. Perhaps things are a bit slow in telecommunications, so your Lucent stock drops a bit. However, it's getting near to Christmas and everyone's shopping for their grandchildren, so Wal-Mart stock starts to rise. Though you lost a little bit on the one stock, the diversity of the stocks you own made up for it in the gains of the other.
In addition to company stocks, other things can be purchased in the stock market. You can buy in futures (bonds that are usually based upon perishable goods and are estimates of how well they will do at some specific future time), government bonds (kind of like savings bonds, but are based in various government programs), and indexes (based upon an average of prices for the indexed product, such as diamonds or precious metals.) Indexes and government bonds are especially useful when diversifying, as they are generally more stable than other forms of the market.
When you decide to invest, just remember to use a bit of common sense. If something sounds too good to be true, be wary of it; if you're looking to get rich quick, you're looking in the wrong place. Be smart, research stocks and bonds, and keep an eye on your money, and you'll soon get a feel for the fluctuations of the market. |
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