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Once you've determined that fish are destined for your water garden, there are several important considerations to keep in mind before you - and your fish - take the plunge.
1. Protect your tender plants.
If your new fish will be roommates with aquatic plants, you will want to wait until your plants are established before adding fish to the mix. That's because fish will feed on young, tender plants, and can make quick work of your botanical investment. Usually, it just takes a few weeks for plants to settle in. Then it's safe to add young fish.
2. Dechlorinate
Chlorine compounds will not only damage your aquatic plants, they're often lethal to ornamental fish! You're not so concerned with trace amounts of chlorine that occur naturally in tap and well water. That can be dissipated by allowing the water to stand for at least 24 hours, up to 48 hours. The chlorine will evaporate, and you'll have brought the water garden to an ambient temperature that's healthiest for flora, fauna and fish.
What you must remove from the water are chlorine compounds such as chlorine dioxide or chloramine. If you're not sure what's in your tap or well water, ask the local health department or the extension service from your state's land-grant college to test for you. They may charge a small fee, but it's worth it.
If you have "city water" or water that comes through a main to your home, you can also call the agency that supplies your water to find out what's in it. That agency is usually a local government or multi-jurisdictional body that operates the water filtration and distribution system in your area.
Dechlorinate again each time you add water to your garden!
3. Keep necessary supplies on hand.
Most vendors who sell ornamental fish and those who sell water garden supplies also sell a variety of dechlorinating agents, fish food and other water and fish-testing equipment that you may need during the life of your garden. It's wise to keep something of everything handy. That way you'll avoid being caught off-guard when you're topping off your pond on a holiday weekend and don¡¯t have what you need -- and your fish are waiting in a pail on the deck!
4. Test for alkalinity.
Simple do-it-yourself kits to test the pH rating of your water are also a must, especially if you've used lime or concrete in the proximity of your water garden.
If you're working with a new, concrete pool, mortar and concrete can leach from the construction into the water and add more lime than the fish can handle. Always let your concrete water garden, filled with water, cure for at least a week, before adding anything to the water. Drain the pool, then wash it with white vinegar before filling and testing again.
Most fish do well in a range of about 6.5 pH to 8, although well water, with its natural nutrients, can go as high as 8.5 pH and the fish won't mind. If you register a pH rating of above 8.5, even in an established pool, you'll want to neutralize the alkalinity with any commercial concentrated muriatic acid. Simply follow the instructions on the container.
5. Ease the fish in.
You can kill ornamental fish quickly if you simply dump them from their travel pouches into the cold water of your pool. Always place the travel bag, containing the fish, just atop the water's surface for about 30 minutes, so that the water in the fish bag takes on the same water temperature as the water in your pool.
Don't leave the poor fish in the bag in the searing sun. If it's a hot or sunny day, cover the travel bag with an umbrella or a damp cloth, and shorten the acclimation time to about 15 minutes.
Then gently open the bag and release the fish. Don't be surprised if he takes off immediately and spends the first few minutes hiding. He'll be out and about soon enough!
6. Beware of furry predators
Cats love fish, and they don't mind getting their fur wet if they see fresh dinner swimming by within their reach! If you have pet cats that spend time in your garden, have a plan to protect your ornamental fish, or you may simply be providing expensive fish dinners for your feline friends!
7. Don't overcrowd.
Those tiny glistening youngsters you put in this year will grow up to be big fish, with little fishies of their own! So remember the fish-stocking rule before you add fish to your water garden. Each one-inch of fish needs about four gallons of water-space. Calculate how many gallons of water your garden holds, then calculate the number of fish-inches you'll expect to have in a year or two. Be conservative with your initial stocking, because you can always add more fish later.
8. Check for illness
It can happen: even the most respected fish-house can ship fish that become sick en route. Be on the look-out for fungus and parasites when your new fish arrive, and don't introduce any sick or diseased fish into your garden. Fungus shows up as a foamy white blotch on the back of the fish. You can detect parasites by erratic fish behavior that looks remarkably like the fish is trying to scratch! Reject any fish you think may be ill.
Keeping your water garden clean and healthy is the best maintenance you can provide for your fish. Take care of them, and they will give you years of delight!
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