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When people on Wall Street talk about ¡°Blue Chips¡± they refer not to an assortment of fancily colored crunchy munchies, rather, they speak of the most valuable and stable stocks on the stock market. The phrase ¡°Blue-Chip¡± originated in 1904 and comes from the blue chips people used as the highest bidding chip in the game of poker. Blue-chip stocks are still considered by many in the industry to be the highest bidding chips in the investing game.
Blue-Chip stocks are large-cap companies, meaning their market price, a value achieved by calculating the number of shares outstanding by the price of one individual share, exceeds five billion dollars. Not all companies represent large-cap stocks; there are three other descending categories of capitalization; mid-cap for companies totally between one and five billion, small-cap for companies at the two-hundred fifty million to one billion mark, and lastly, micro-cap companies, those whose value is below two-hundred and fifty million.
Many of these Blue-Chip corporations are found in the market indexes. There are several indexes on the market, the two main being The Dow Jones Industrial Average and the S&P Index. The Dow is the most popular market index. It is comprised of the shares of thirty public U.S. companies from a variety of industries¡ªindustries ranging from computer manufacturing to fountain drink production. Some of the companies that are considered Blue-Chip and that make up the Dow are American Express, AT&T, Boeing, Caterpillar, Citigroup, ExxonMobil, General Electric, Hewlett-Packard, Home Depot, Wal-Mart, 3M, Intel, IBM, Disney, and United Technologies. This partial list of thirty shows represents a popular measure against which an investor makes his or her decisions. Some investors not only use the Dow as a comparison tool, rather, they make their most significant investments in the index itself.
Popular Blue-Chip stocks are also found on the S&P, which is another market index. The S&P is composed of five-hundred companies based not just on market cap, rather, the percent of influence a company has within its own industry. A stock may be part of the DJIA index but may not be included on the S&P if another company within its industry outperforms it. Some of the industries covered by the S&P are telecommunications, health care, biotechnology, food and beverage, and consumer brands. Like the Dow, the S&P attracts many investors not only because of its value as a stock performance index, but as a source of solid investment.
Blue-chip stocks, particularly those found on the Dow and S&P are popular choices for investors because of their potential to outperform the market. Investing in large-cap companies is generally less risky than buying smaller, lesser-known stocks. For instance, companies that have already proven their salt; a UPS or an American Express, will likely provide a stable investment for you where as a relatively new company with no history can prove volatile and unsuccessful. With Blue-Chip stocks the income may be gradual and profits will take quarters and years to realize, you have made a reliable, long-term, high yield investment. Blue-Chip stocks do carry a greater risk due to their high price-per-share cost when compared to micro-cap companies, however, they are generally safer picks due to their predictability and tendency to stay on top of the market. |
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