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A wooden privacy fence can be a great addition to any backyard, whether you want to use it as a screen between yourself and your neighbors or as a means of keeping your dog contained. Although there are several variations on the design of such a fence, a basic 6-foot high wooden fence consists of three main parts: the support posts, horizontal connecting members between the support posts, and the actual fence boards, or planks that are fastened in a vertical position between the horizontal supports. In addition, you might also need one or more gates in the fence.
The first step in building any fence is to measure the total length of the fence so you can calculate the amount of materials needed. There will only be three kinds of boards to buy: 4x4 posts, 8-feet long, 2x4 horizontal members, 8-feet long, and fence planking, sold as 1x6 boards, 6-feet long. The posts, framing and planking boards should all be of pressure-treated lumber or cedar for longevity in the outdoors.
Calculate the number of posts needed for your fence by planning to space them no farther than eight feet apart. Don¡¯t forget that you will need a post at each corner, and one on both sides of any gates. For the horizontal framing, you will need three 2x4¡¯s for every span between posts; one for the top, middle and bottom. The planking boards, though sold as 1x6s, are actually 5 ? inches wide. Calculate the total number you will need from your initial measurement of the total length of the fence. If your fence is 200 feet long, multiply 200 by 12, to get the length in inches, then divide this figure by 5 ?. This is approximately how many fence boards you will need. Tools required are: post-hole digger, shovel, carpenter¡¯s level, circular saw or handsaw, tape measure, square, and a hammer or pneumatic nail gun.
Begin building the fence by setting the posts in the ground. Use a string stretched between stakes for layout and alignment, to insure your fence will be straight. Use a post-hole digger to dig holes to a depth of two feet, then set the posts in the ground and use a level to keep them plumb while you back-fill the hole with earth and tamp it firmly in place with a shovel. Though some people fill post-holes with concrete, I don¡¯t recommend this practice as it is both unnecessary and can cause premature rotting of the posts because of rain water standing on top of the concrete. Firmly-tamped earth in a hole 2-feet deep will hold your fence post rock-solid and allow water to drain, rather than collect. Space the posts a little less than 8-feet apart, to ensure the 2x4¡¯s will be long enough to span the gaps.
Once the posts are set, you can begin connecting them together with the 2x4 horizontal stringers. Cut them to fit so that the ends butt together in the center of the posts. These should be nailed to the posts using 16-penny framing nails. All nails used in pressure treated lumber should be galvanized; otherwise they will corrode in contact with the chemical preservatives in the wood. Space the 2x4¡¯s an equal distance apart, with the first row a few inches above the ground, the second row about five feet above the ground, so it will be below the top of the fence boards, and the middle row halfway in between these two. Thin fence boards tend to warp if they are not fastened near their ends, hence the need for horizontal support near the top and the bottom.
Once the horizontal framing is in place, you can begin the fun part; nailing on the planking. This is straightforward, but time consuming. Use your carpenter¡¯s level to keep the boards vertical, otherwise they may gradually trend in one direction or the other after you nail on a dozen or so. Use shorter galvanized nails for the planking, no longer than 2-inches, so that the sharp points won¡¯t protrude through the 2x4 stringers.
The last step is to build the gates, which are framed the same way as the fence, on three horizontal 2x4s with the addition of diagonal braces to keep them from sagging. Gates should be no more than 3-feet wide, but if you need a wider entrance, you can make a double gate that opens from both sides. You can buy a gate hardware kit at any building supply store that includes hinges, a gate latch and instructions.
Building a wooden fence is simple and straightforward. You don¡¯t have to be a master carpenter to succeed, but you can save a bundle if you do it yourself. |
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