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Laminates have recently become a popular flooring choice because of their advantages over other types of flooring. They are durable, easy to clean, repel liquids, will not fade, and are resistant to scratches, scuffmarks, permanent markers, and cigarette burns.
Laminate flooring has been used in Europe for more than 20 years. It is quite versatile and can be used anywhere in the house, including the kitchen, bathroom and basement. Because it is heat resistant, it can even be used with a radiant heating system.
Many large home centers sell laminate flooring and it is available in a wide range of patterns. Most laminates are made to resemble hardwoods such as maple, pine, and oak, or exotic woods like teak. Some laminates go so far as to replicate wear and age in a hardwood floor. Laminates that look like stone or ceramic tile are also gaining in popularity. Laminate finishes are either high-gloss, to simulate urethane, or a low gloss satin finish.
Laminates are composed of four layers of materials bonded together to form a composite, similar to a kitchen countertop. The surface layer or wear layer is a clear melamine material containing aluminum oxides, which create an extremely resilient finish. The second or decorative layer is actually a paper-type material printed with the pattern, which is based on a photograph of real wood grain patterns, or of stone and tile textures. This is what makes the laminate appear very realistic.
The third layer is a high-density particle or fiberboard that provides the core structure. The final layer at the bottom is a vapor barrier that prevents moisture from seeping into the core structure. With normal wear and tear, a laminate floor should last for many years.
Priced by the square foot, laminate flooring costs about half as much as hardwood flooring. It can be installed over almost any type of existing floor or sub-floor including concrete, plywood, linoleum, ceramic tile, or thin carpeting. Missing tiles, deteriorated vinyl, or rotting wood should always be repaired or replaced prior to installing laminates over an existing floor.
Laminate flooring is sold as squares (for stone and ceramic tile), or planks (for wood). Each piece has a tongue and groove edge that enables it to interlock with other pieces to create a single uniform floor. Most interlocking systems do not use glue (glue-less), although there are interlocking systems that do. The glue is either pre-applied in the factory or the glue is applied manually.
When the pieces are joined, the floor sits or floats on top of the sub-floor or existing floor. The floor is not glued or nailed down. Instead, a quarter round type molding is nailed to existing baseboards around the perimeter of the room, which holds the floor in place. A special under layer similar to plastic sheeting is often used so that the laminate floor resonates similar to a hardwood floor when it is walked across.
Although laminate flooring is a do it yourself project, consider professional installation if the room is large or laminates are being installed in several rooms. Installation requires some knowledge of finish carpentry and mistakes can be costly.
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