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An art quilt is a new variation on a traditional bed quilt. The art quilt is to be displayed while a traditional quilt is for warmth. Art quilts do not follow the traditional patterns and designs that are commonly used in bed quilts.
The exact date of the art quilt's emergence is not clear. Some believe that the art form began as early as 1950, and others believe that it did not emerge until the 1970's. Art quilts began when formally trained artists experimented with the use of fabric. Before this time, quilts were made using blocks of a pattern repeated many times throughout the quilt. Many quilt blocks are reproductions of designs from earlier. Art quilters used some of the techniques of traditional quilters, but did not reproduce the same blocks or patterns. For example, the art quilt is essentially the same as a traditional quilt; it consists of a fabric top and bottom with batting in between. However, the design of fabric on the top of the quilt is drastically different. Art quilters have developed many innovative ways to create artwork.
Some art quilters hand dye each piece of fabric that is used in the quilt. Some art quilters who dye fabric cut the pieces before they dye them. Others dye a large piece of fabric that is later cut, pieced, and quilted to backing. There are also art quilters who piece the top of the quilt and then dye the fabric; this enables them to "paint" a picture on the quilt using fabric dye. Using the hand dyeing technique, the quilter has absolute control over the color and shade variations of fabric.
In another technique used in art quilts, quilters use their own photographs to create a unique and individualized quilt. Photos are printed onto photo transfer paper and then ironed onto fabric. The fabric with the photo transfer is then cut, pieced, and quilted. This technique enables quilters to merge two art forms, photography and quilting, in their art quilts. Some art quilters have used this technique to make quilts symbolizing an event or place to create an art quilt tribute to something important to them.
Many other art quilters use materials other than fabric, such as beads or leather, in creating the quilt. Some art quilters call these "embellished quilts" because the original pieced quilt has been embellished with different materials. Beads are very common on embellished quilts, but there are art quilters who have used nearly anything to embellish their quilts. Kitchen utensils, wire, cording, mesh, buttons, charms, and many other found objects have been used to embellish art quilts.
Most art quilters do not use traditional blocks to create a quilt, but experiment with a wide variety of different forms and shapes. In fact, some art quilts have incorporated multi-dimensional images and shapes, which protrude out from the layers of fabric. Fabrics are often pleated, gathered, or layered on the surface of art quilts to create different textures and dimensions. Some have used stuffed shapes and images, similar to one-sided stuffed animals, which appear to grow out of the surface of the quilt.
Like other forms of artwork, art quilts can convey many types of scenes. There are beautiful art quilts conveying individuals, landscapes, nature, and abstract art. Art quilts come in many shapes and sizes. Art quilters create mini-quilts and very large quilts. Many of them are not square or rectangle shaped, but have sharp angles or protruding objects that define their shape. In the world of art quilts, no one technique, style, or subject matter is dominant. Each art quilter creates his or her own technique, which evolves and changes over time.
Art quilts are fundamentally different from traditional bed quilts because they are to be hung rather than used as bedcovers. In keeping with tradition, some art quilters design their quilts to withstand the wear of traditional use. Many art quilters seek to legitimize the art quilt as a true art form. They encourage respect for the quilt as an art form by displaying and protecting it. The art quilt has been gaining respect as an art form and many art quilt displays can be visited throughout the country. Art quilts are often displayed as a group with a common theme. There are quilts displayed depicting artists¡¯ reactions to hurricanes or other natural events. There is also a unique collection of art quilts representing each card in a deck of Tarot cards.
Despite the different purpose of art quilts, many art quilters view their craft as a way to join the past and the present. The traditional act of creating a quilt links them to the past while modern designs and scenes push toward the future. With this ideology behind the art quilt, it is likely to evolve further and find its own unique place in the modern world. |
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