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The first step in protecting your network from viruses and other unwanted problems is to keep the number of computers in your workplace that have direct access to the Internet to a minimum. Workstations should generally not have their own independent connection; only the network server should have a direct connection to the Internet. This helps with both maintenance issues and security concerns. Passwords to gain access to the Internet or between computers should always be in place and used religiously. But the best situation would be a stand-alone network of computers with no Internet access whatsoever, and another network nearby with an internet connection. It won't be a popular choice; most people are used to having Internet access at the workplace. However, while it may be a nuisance to download finished work to a CD to be physically transferred to a computer that has Internet access, the resulting advantages of protection of other work, notes and software -- might outweigh the negatives to a stand-alone network.
Next, once your network has been built and is ready for use, it¡¯s time to install an array of programs and hardware that will protect your computer from viruses and unauthorized users trying to access your network.
First, you may want to consider the installation of a hardware firewall, which can be obtained at most office supply or computer stores. The hardware firewall is a stand-alone piece of equipment which is connected between the incoming Internet line and your network. This hardware provides a level of protection before the Internet signal ever reaches your network.
Whether or not you install a hardware firewall, installation of protective software is still necessary for the safety of your network. The most important types of protective programs are:
-Anti-virus software, which protects the computer from viruses and other malicious programs which range from harmless messages being displayed to data-destroying programs that can wipe out an entire network,
-Firewalls, which restricts direct access to your system from outside sources, whether the sources are programs or people looking for an unprotected system to exploit. Firewalls can also restrict access to the Internet from within the system as well, and
-Spyware detectors, which look for and destroy programs placed on your computer that monitor what is happening on your systems and report to others. Spyware can range from programs that monitor what websites you visit, to recording and reporting keystrokes, to even changing registry values on your computer or taking control of your computer¡¯s functions.
All three types of software should be installed and running on every computer in the network before you even connect to the Internet for the first time. Be sure to purchase or download a separate copy of any software you use for each computer. Once you obtain the software, read the instructions or readme files carefully. Also, be patient when installing the software; firewalls particularly can take some time to get set up exactly as you want them to function.
As soon as installation of your protective software is complete and you connect to the Internet for the first time, be sure to update all protective programs with the latest versions. Updates can usually be programmed to be done automatically, but even manually updating your software only takes the occasional few minutes, which is worth every hour in the future it will take to get a crashed system up and running again.
Finally, the best and most important defense against viruses and other similar problems is proper, complete training of anyone who may use the computers on your network. While most people in office settings understand the value of using passwords and the destructive nature of viruses, many may not be as familiar with firewalls or spyware and may not know what to look for or what to avoid. Training must include keeping passwords confidential, not downloading unfamiliar e-mail or their attachments, not clicking on pop-up advertisements or surfing non-work-related websites. Your trainees must understand the importance of the protective software. Typically, if office workers understand why something is done a certain way, they¡¯re more apt to do what you want them to. Be sure all training, tips and changes in software is written down in the form of policy manuals or memos. Update and reissue them as necessary, and enforce penalties for non-compliance to the letter.
When training, however, make sure only a few people understand how to update or disable any protective software, to prevent unintentional damage from snooping or anyone who thinks, ¡°I should be able to fix this myself¡± when a problem arises. As stated before, updates are best done automatically, or by only one person who knows what they¡¯re doing, preferably the person who set up the network in the first place. |
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