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Buying a used Fender amplifier can be a rewarding and profitable experience if you¡¯re a knowledgeable buyer. The uneducated consumer who relies on luck to find a good amp will most likely lose money on the deal and quite possibly end up with something that won¡¯t even be playable. Not all sellers are out to take advantage of the buyer; some may be completely naive about what they are trying to sell. Some sellers are unscrupulous though, so caveat emptor is the rule. The vast majority of sellers are simply trying to get the most money they possibly can, therefore, knowledge is paramount as to whether or not the amp in question is actually worth the selling price.
The market for used Fender amplifiers is as variable as any other collectible market. In a nutshell, the 1970¡¯s was the heyday of the buyers market. Good deals were easy to find as the market was full of these popular amplifiers. Most were trade-ins for the new generation of transistorized amplifiers that were all the rage. These new transistor amplifiers were going to revolutionize the industry with their zero maintenance, light weight and on board effects processors. To some extent the new breed of amps lived up to their promise, however in one area they fell terribly short - tone. The warmth of the classic tube amplifier cannot be duplicated with a circuit board. This is still true to this day and many modern transistor amps will incorporate a small bank of tubes to warm up the noticeably thin sound. During the 1980¡¯s the market did an about face as the transistor amp glutted the market and the old tube amplifiers were quickly snapped up. This drove the price up on the tube amplifiers to very nearly what many of them cost new. The market for used Fender amplifiers was now a sellers market. This trend would continue through the 1990¡¯s and right up to today. Fortunes were made on the sales of these popular vintage amps that were once a dime a dozen and were now highly sought after items. It became commonplace to find doctored up examples that would cost more to repair than the asking price. With no regulation to protect the consumer, the used Fender amplifier market was like the used car lots of the 1950¡¯s, many were in business just to take your money and send you home with a worthless piece of junk.
While the sale of used musical equipment will always be an unregulated industry, most dealers value their reputation and won¡¯t knowingly try to sell something that is questionable. But that is not to say that their inventory may be over priced or on the verge of failing with some use. Shopping in the private market is a coin toss. You may luck into the little old lady selling her sons amp that hardly saw any use or you may run into a savvy con trying to unload a seemingly valuable amp that won¡¯t last for more than a few hours of playing. Relying on the seller is asking for trouble. You must have at least basic knowledge of what you should be looking for to protect yourself from making a bad purchase. There is an old saying that goes something like ¡°Experience is knowledge gained too late¡±. By doing a bit of research and learning as much as you can you should hopefully be able to avoid an expensive mistake.
The first thing to look at is also the most neglected item on all vintage Fender amplifiers - the tubes. This feature that makes the amplifier so desirable is also what can make them a worthless, unusable mess. Tubes need to be replaced on a regular basis and can be expensive to boot. This fact (along with high production numbers) is what created the buyers market consisting of good amplifiers for low prices during the 1970¡¯s. As these amps continue to age the likely-hood of finding an amplifier that doesn¡¯t need new tubes is reduced. When tube technology was prevalent during the 1950¡¯s, 60¡¯s and 70¡¯s, tube testing machines were everywhere. As a kid in the 1970¡¯s I remember being able to take my Fender Princeton¡¯s tubes to the local drug store and test them myself on a free, self service tube testing machine! All the electronics stores had tube testers and many music stores did too. Needless to say this took all of the guess work out of checking amps tubes. In today¡¯s transistor driven world, if you walked into most electronics stores with a handful of vacuum tubes and asked them to test them they would look at you like you were crazy! Since you can¡¯t expect to find a testing machine (nor would most sellers let you leave with their tubes anyway) you¡¯ll have to rely on less scientific methods.
Start by taking the back panel off the amp (usually by removing 4 Philips head screws) and use a small flashlight to inspect each tube, carefully looking to see if the all tubes match, that is to say that all are made by the same manufacturer. For example if 3 of the 4 large tubes are Philips and the last one is a GE this is a red flag. Due to the cost of the tubes it is common for people to only change a tube that has failed rather than changing the entire set. This is especially common when someone picked up an amp for a cheap price (because of tube failure) and now wants to sell it for a profit by putting the least amount of money back into it. Other times a person simply doesn¡¯t know any better and tries to save money by only replacing the bad tube(s). An amp in this condition will play and sound fine - for a short period of time. However under repeated use the results can be disastrous. The new tubes will put a strain on the remaining tubes significantly shortening their remaining life. This imbalance of power also puts a marked strain on the amplifiers transformer. Transformer failure is certainly possible, if not imminent under these conditions. At best the transformer will simply fail leaving you with a dead amp in need of an expensive, hard to find part. At worst it can fry the wiring and circuitry and even cause the amp to catch fire. Because the transformer is so vulnerable and such a difficult part to replace, you should pass on any amp with mismatched tubes regardless of how good it may sound or how attractive the price may be. While you¡¯re inspecting the tubes you should take note of the tube part numbers (printed on the glass) and make sure these match as well. An unmatched tube number means that the wrong type of tube was installed; this can also lead to significant problems.
What if the seller only replaced one tube using a matching brand with the correct part number? This is the bane of the prospective buyer and one of the accepted risks of buying a used tube amplifier. The layman's way of checking this is to turn the amp on and watch the glow of the tubes. They should all glow equally and have the same amount of even scorching on the glass of the tube. Play your guitar at a relatively high volume and continue to watch the tubes. They should brighten and dim evenly through the course of your playing. If one is brighter than the others or some remain dim while the others pulse you may have problems in the future. Again, I would pass on an amp that displays these characteristics. While a complete re-tube may bring it back to life it¡¯s impossible to know how much damage has been done from using it in the present condition. If the amp was an absolute bargain (which is unlikely) it might be worth the risk to see if it will hold up with new tubes. Be forewarned that the chances are good that it won¡¯t and your bargain may end up being worth nothing more than an astronomical repair bill. Do you feel lucky? If so you should go to the casino, not vintage amplifier shopping!
If the tubes are a matching brand with matching numbers and have a nice even glow then the chances are very good that you¡¯ve found a good amplifier that will serve you well. But before you put your money down you should continue to scrutinize the prospective purchase. The next part we need to look at is the speaker(s). Remove the speaker grille by prying it off with a flat head screwdriver. You may want to ask the seller to do this for you so you don¡¯t risk doing any damage to the cabinet, speaker grille or grille frame. Either way, it needs to come off so you can have a look at the speaker cones. Check for tears in the speaker cones, in the centers and in the ¡°accordion like¡± rim that attaches them to the metal speaker frame. Tears will often be repaired with nail polish, this is not acceptable and the speaker will need to be replaced. The price should reflect this fact. Make sure the centers are a smooth dome shape and don¡¯t have any dents or wrinkles. Gently push the speaker cone in and out listening for any rubbing sounds. If they visually pass inspection then plug in your instrument and carefully listen to each speaker. They should sound clean with no distortion or rattling.
If the speakers pass inspection then the last thing to check is the knobs and plug jacks. You can do this by turning each knob from zero to ten while playing your instrument to make sure they work and don¡¯t crackle or distort while turning. Some volume knobs will pull out for a power boost, be sure and test these too. Plug your instrument into each jack to make sure all the channels are working. If the amp features reverb and/or tremolo be sure and test these as well. These types of effects usually have a pedal that is used to turn them on and off. Try the pedal to make sure it operates properly with no unwanted noise.
While you¡¯re playing your instrument to perform these tests be sure and take your time! You should spend at least 20 minutes playing through the amp to get a feel for its tone and response. Make sure some of your time is spent at high volume. This is the only way to be sure the transformer is doing its job. If the owner objects to letting you play loud for any length of time you should be suspect. Some music stores may not want you to blast their customers out of the store so be sure and choose your shopping time accordingly. When the store has first opened is usually the best time to catch them fresh without any customers. At the end of the day people may still be hanging around and they are usually tired of hearing people play all day. You don¡¯t want to be rushed so use common sense to get adequate playing time on your prospective purchase.
One other thing to check after you¡¯ve turned the amp off is the fuse. Be absolutely sure that it matches the rating for the amp. An amp that blows fuses usually has some serious underlying issue. A quick but dangerous fix is to put in a fuse with a higher rating. Never buy an amp that has the wrong fuse installed.
The general appearance of the amplifiers exterior shouldn't be of too much concern. Many amps that have had years of hard touring were also well maintained by the roadies that took care of them. On the other hand, an amp that was bought new and never left juniors bedroom may have been badly abused by an aspiring rock star and his friends. The only cosmetic red flags are stains that could be the result of fire or water damage. Obviously these should be of some concern.
If all of this checks out then the next question is always - how much is it worth? Unfortunately this is next to impossible to answer. Different regions will have different pricing due to economics, availability and demand. Take the time to do some research in the locality that you¡¯re shopping to get a feel for the market. Rather than trying to get the deal of the century you should be looking for a fair deal, meaning fair to both buyer and seller. A good amp should get a good price; it¡¯s as simple as that. After all, when it¡¯s time to sell you¡¯ll be much happier if you get close to your asking price rather than letting it go for a song. A well cared for Fender amplifier can be considered a sound investment. You will certainly get your money¡¯s worth out of it while using it and it is very likely that you will at least get what you paid for it when it¡¯s time to sell. A highly sought after model will no doubt appreciate in value giving you a good return on your investment. A general rule for all collectors applies well here - purchase something because you like it, and always buy the best that you can afford. |
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