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Repairing a hole in the bottom of your boat
Fiberglass boats are generally easier to repair than boats built of other materials, such as aluminum, wood or composite plastics. Fiberglass is a durable material that won¡¯t rot like wood, but it is susceptible to impact damage and can be cracked, split, shattered, burned or completely holed by a rock or other solid submerged object. Practically any amount of damage to a fiberglass boat can be repaired, however, if you are willing to invest the labor and to learn a few techniques for working with the necessary materials.
Fiberglass boats are built by laminating layers of woven glass cloth or matt with a liquid resin of polyester or epoxy. The resin then hardens as it cures with a chemical catalyst and the resin saturated cloth becomes a solid structure. Repairing a damaged fiberglass surface or structure involves some of the same processes used in building the boat when it was new. The advantage the builder of the new boat has is that he or she is working with a mold that predetermines the shape of the fiberglass structure that results when the resin that is saturating the fiberglass cloth laminate layers becomes hard. When you are repairing a damaged boat hull, you won¡¯t have the aid of this mold and will have to improvise a way to maintain the proper shape.
Let¡¯s look at what¡¯s involved by taking the worst-case scenario: a hole the size of a baseball right in the bottom of your boat. This repair will require some creative thought as to how to begin. If it is a large boat, on a trailer or dry-docked in a boat yard and too heavy to easily flip over to work on it upside down; you will begin such a repair by glassing from the inside of the hull first. Fiberglass resin, whether epoxy or polyester, does not adhere to smooth plastic, such as visquine, which is sold by the roll in your local hardware store. You can use this material to your advantage by taping a piece of it over the outside of the hole in the hull with masking tape, thus sealing the damaged area so that the liquid resin you apply from the inside will not pour out of the hole.
For new fiberglass and resin to bond to the existing structure of your hull, you must first grind or sand away the finish on the old fiberglass to get rid of the Gelcoat, paint or any wax that might be on the surface. Working inside the boat, grind the area around the hull using a powerful orbital sander or angle grinder, then vacuum up the dust and wipe down the surface with denatured alcohol. Now, if the outside of the hole is sealed with plastic as described above, your are ready to laminate new layers of glass from the inside. Cut a piece of the fiberglass cloth slightly larger than the hole, and completely saturated it with resin mixed according to the instructions on the container. Lay this piece of cloth in position over the hole, and then cut a larger piece that will overlap the edges of this first piece and likewise, wet it out with resin and lay it in position. You may need 3 or more such pieces, each larger than the previous, covering the hole and the underlying layers. Wait several hours for the resin to harden, then remove the plastic from the outside of the hole and repeat these same steps working from the outside of the hole.
Before laminating on layers of cloth from the outside, you may have to mix up some resin thickened with fiberglass microballoons fill the cavity and allow you to fair the damaged edges of the hole by sanding the resin when it cures. The fiberglass cloth you put on from the outside will bond to the layers you put on from the inside, and by applying enough layers, you will build up the fiberglass to thickness equal to that of the rest of the hull.
The final steps are to sand the new layers of fiberglass until the repair blends in with the rest of the hull, both inside and outside of the boat. It may be necessary to apply more resin thickened with microballoons, or even more layers of fiberglass cloth to achieve the final, perfect finish.
This type of repair, of a hole all the way through the hull is the most difficult. Many times, the damage you need to repair will be less severe and can be fixed from one side only. A working knowledge of fiberglass laminating techniques can save boat owners a lot of money when a boat is damaged. Fiberglass work is very forgiving and mistakes can be rectified by simply grinding away and starting over, so learning how to do it is highly recommended for all boat owners.
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