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Roller coasters have been known for decades for their agonizingly slow starts, near heart-stopping drops and scream-inducing turns and loops. For the most part this is still true. As the years have passed the boundaries around roller coaster design have slowly diminished thanks to new technology and safer building materials. Now the drops, loops, turns and speeds have increased beyond what Mr. Richard Knudson (patented the ??Improvement to Inclined Railways?? in 1878) or Mr. La Marcus Adna Thompson (the father of the American roller coaster).
To build a roller coaster you first have to have a basic understanding of the laws of physics. First, there are two types of energy: kinetic (the energy caused by motion) and potential (energy that is stored for later use). Both forms play large parts in roller coasters. There is also friction which plays (almost) an even larger part. For any roller coaster to work, and run through the entire ride, these elements must be in balance with each other. If they are not then the coaster will simply roll to a stop.
Building a roller coaster begins the same as any other construction: with a dream. If it weren??t for dreams there would not be many of the inventions we have today. Next you have an idea of how to bring that dream into reality. This is where the fun starts. You think and sketch and think and sketch, decide where to put your loops, turns, twists and drops. Do not forget to work in how your coaster will be supported through the hills and loops. Once you have a basic design you will have to start figuring calculations.
All coasters rely on velocity. Therefore there must be a sufficient speed accumulated by the car(s) to literally ??coast?? up the next hill (hence the name ??coasters??). There are algorithms you can use to calculate what the speed is at various points along the length of the tracks. Another force you need to take into consideration is friction. Friction is the force that will slow down the movement of any object (every surface will cause friction to some extent).
With a rough idea of how the coaster will be laid out it is time to figure in the weight of the machinery (cars) and the people it will be carrying (maximum load weight) as well as what material you will be constructing your coaster with. You can opt for a wooden roller coaster or can go with the newer steel construction. Wooden construction will give an ??old-time?? or rustic feel as well as some movement (sway) of the tracks; steel construction will tend to give more of a new, sturdy feel. Steel construction may be more expensive but could be less costly than wooden construction. Steel tends to last longer than wood as the elements do not affect it in the same manner.
As you can see there is much more to building a roller coaster than simply putting pieces together. You cannot build a track for the coaster without doing the right research and calculations or the coaster will simply not work. However, with the right amounts of dream, ideas, energy and friction, almost any coaster is possible. |
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