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Surfboards, before the fifties, were made entirely of wood such as balsa, redwood or koa used in Hawaiian surfboards. The wood made them long, heavy and cumbersome to handle, almost all of today¡¯s surfboards are made from polyurethane foam.
The basic structure of a surfboard is called a blank. They come in various densities from light to heavy, the denser the blank, the stronger the surfboard but with added weight. In addition, they can have a stringer. That¡¯s a glued in section of wood to make the surfboard more rigid. A stringer is usual made of Spruce, although you can get them in Redwood or Basswood.
The blank will have a basic shape depending on what the board builder wants. This basic shape is called the rocker. The rocker forms the contours the surfboard will take. The rocker affects the nose, midsection and tail by how the rocker moves the surfboard through water.
The shaper will take the blank and smooth out any rough surface with different grades of sandpaper, putting their particular shape to the surfboard. The result will be a blank with no uneven spots and the rails (the edge of the surfboard) equal to each other. Any uneven spots will affect how the surfboard will ride in a wave.
Once the shaper is finished, paint is applied to prevent the effects of ultra violet light causing the foam to turn brown. This is done with an airbrush for design and color. Once the paint is applied, it's ready for waterproofing.
Polyester resin and fiberglass is applied to strengthen and waterproof the board. The fiberglass comes in different thickness of four ounce or six ounce, usually a four once weight of fiberglass is used. The bottom of the board has one layer of fiberglass while the top (called the deck) has multiple layers. Each layer of fiberglass has a coating of resin applied by a squeegee. The squeegee helps smooth out the resin on the fiberglass, allowing the resin to hold the fiberglass in place by working the resin into the material. Additional layers of fiberglass is applied to the deck for strength due to the weight of the rider.
Once the resin has set on both sides, the fin is attached with additional layers of fiberglass and resin to hold it in position. Fins can come in various shapes and there is a great deal of discussion as to what type of fins are best depending on the type of surfing you enjoy. Some of the more popular fins are: cant, toe-in, rake, aspect ration, cutaways, and curved fins. There are also multiple fins or tri fins that has one large middle fin and two smaller fins on each side. There are fins that you can detach and change for another fin. You can order a surfboard that has boxes, for removing the fins, one for the center and two on each side. This way you can play around with multiple fins or have just one fin. Once the fin is set it¡¯s time for the board to be sanded.
The sander will take off any rough spots from the coats of resin and fiberglass, returning the board to the original form the shaper had for the board. This must be done carefully to prevent sanding too deep and going into the foam. Once the sanding is completed, the board gets a final coat of gloss. A specially formulated resin that dries clear and hard for surfboards.
Now all you have to do is find the board for you and the waves to ride it.
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