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Skateboard maintenance is easy, useful and requires very few tools. You only need an adjustable wrench and, depending on the type of mounting hardware you are using, either an Allen wrench or a Phillips head screwdriver. You may also find it useful to buy a skate wrench that has the three necessary socket sizes. In this case, you don't need an adjustable wrench.
First, you should be familiar with the various components of the trucks. Trucks are axles attached to a baseplate. The baseplate is then fastened to the wooden deck of the skateboard with mounting hardware. They serve the same function as the suspension on a car. The kingpin is a thick, removable screw that extends from the baseplate, is surrounded by stiff rubber bushings and is topped off with a nut. The bushings are two doughnut shaped pieces of stiff rubber which are placed around the kingpin. On one side of each truck, adjacent to the axle there is a metal ring. The kingpin passes through this ring with one bushing below and one bushing above the ring.
The axle is attached to the baseplate in two places. On the other side of the axle is a pivot point that is inserted into a groove on the baseplate. The combination of the bushings and the pivot point act as the steering mechanism for the skateboard which you can control by shifting your weight either forwards or backwards.
Mounting hardware consists of eight nuts and bolts, four for each truck, and are used to attach the baseplate to the deck. With the deck face down, the bolts are inserted through the eight holes in deck and the baseplates are attached to the bottom of the deck. It is vital that the bushings of each truck are facing one another, i.e. the bushings on the front truck should be facing the back of the skateboard and the bushings on the back truck should be facing the front. Any other combination will result in your not being able to carve correctly.
The wheels are attached to the ends of the axles with a nut. Modern skateboard wheels are bidirectional, meaning that they can be attached in either direction unlike the wheels on a car or the back wheel of a bicycle. After a few weeks of skating, you may notice that the wheels are starting to look more like cones than cylinders. In this case, turn the wheels around so that the cone faces inward. It may also be useful to alternate the front and back wheels. There should be a washer between the inner wall of the wheel and its contact surface with the truck. This prevents damage to your wheel bearings. Once the wheels are attached, make sure that the deck is either as wide or only about an eighth of an inch wider than the distance from wheel to wheel. You do not want any part of your wheels hanging out from underneath your deck.
Depending how tightly the nut on the kingpin is secured, the trucks can be loose or tight just like the suspension on a car. The main purpose of having trucks that are not fixed is to enable you to turn or "carve" without lifting your front wheels off the ground. The looser your trucks are, the further you will be able to lean in one direction or the other. The more you lean the sharper your carve will be.
The tightness of your trucks is really a matter of taste. If they are too loose, then you may experience "speed wobbles," or an uncontrollable rocking of your skateboard back and forth, at high rates of speed. Also, if your trucks are too loose, you are prone to "wheel bite" where, upon leaning too far to one side, the deck of your board comes into sharp contact with one of the wheels. This causes your skateboard to stop suddenly and you to lurch forward much like hitting a rock or pebble. You only have to do this once to know that you never want to do it again.
If your trucks are too tight, then landing tricks becomes more difficult. In order to roll away from a trick, your skateboard needs to be more or less aligned with your body's direction of motion. With tighter trucks, you need to land tricks with better alignment than with looser trucks. The reason is that looser trucks have better response to impacts. In other words, loose trucks have some "play" which enables you to carve out of a bad landing. Nobody lands every trick perfectly every time, so having tighter trucks will usually lead to you falling more often.
Another important point to remember in the tight versus loose trucks debate is that having fairly loose trucks will eventually give you a better, more fluid style and style in skateboarding definitely matters. After some experimentation, you will find your ideal truck stiffness.
The question of whether or not to use riser pads is also a matter of taste. A riser pad is a thin rubber block that is sometimes placed between the baseplate and the deck of the skateboard. It has the effect of making the skateboard slightly higher off the ground and also aids in preventing premature pressure cracks in the deck. They are not vital to the lifetime of your skateboard. If, for example, you find it easier to do tricks without riser pads, then you don't really need them.
Naturally, there will be a lot of wear and tear on your trucks, but you will most likely find that your deck and wheels need to be replaced before your trucks. There are, however, a few common problems that are easily remedied. Stress from numerous impacts may cause one of your kingpins to break. You can buy a new kingpin from your local skateboard shop. To replace it, simply loosen the mounting hardware and remove the baseplate. The base of the broken kingpin should slide right out. Insert the new kingpin and reattach the baseplate. Insert the bushings above and below the ring on the axle and tighten the kingpin nut.
A less common problem is torn bushings. This is probably a sign that your trucks are too tight. You can also buy new bushings from your local skateboard shop. To install them simply remove the kingpin nut and the old bushings and insert the new bushings. When tightening the kingpin nut, though, keep in mind that your bushings were damaged from riding with overly tight trucks. This time, don't tighten the kingpin nut so much.
Eventually you will probably be doing axle grinds on curbs, ledges, ramps and rails. This will naturally wear down the axles of your trucks, but remember that they are built with this mind! This is one of the greatest pleasures of skateboarding so grind away! If you are skating so much that you completely wear down your axles, then you have no choice but to buy a new set of trucks. |
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