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Sewing machines were first patented in 1791, and the first practical, working sewing machine was created in 1829. These used a chain stitch and used a single thread.
In 1845, Elias Howe invented the two-thread sewing machine that we are familiar with today. But, it wasn't until 1851 that Isaac Merrit Singer stole Howe's idea, improved it, and was successfully sued by Howe. Nevertheless, Singer popularized home sewing machines in the years that followed. He also added his own inventions--including the foot that holds the fabric in place--to improve the machines.
Early sewing machines were hand operated, and later powered by a foot-operated treadle. A few rare machines used steam power, or devices similar to clockwork mechanisms.
In the 1920s, as electricity became popular, sewing machines were motorized. Often, a motor was attached to an older treadle machine. Later designs included a built-in motor.
Since then, while the Singer sewing machine has been the best known, many other manufacturers have entered the field.
As a collector, you can specialize in single-thread, hand operated, treadle machines, electrified machines, or more modern designs.
Collecting sewing machines can require considerable space to store and display. So, many collectors focus on the smaller machines designed for use by children and itinerant tailors.
Today, the most popular vintage or antique sewing machine is the Singer Featherweight. You may find a good deal now and then, but expect to pay at least $400 for a working Featherweight.
Other excellent antique machines can sell for far less, if you know where to shop and what to look for.
WHERE TO FIND ANTIQUE SEWING MACHINES
Antiques shops are an obvious source for sewing machines. A dealer that specializes in sewing-related antiques will offer the best selection, but also the highest prices.
Sometimes you will do better if you look for antiques shops that have a dusty old sewing machine in a back corner. If the machine is simply taking up space, you may be able to bargain your way to a great deal.
Classified ads often include a few older sewing machines. However, the prices can be too high, especially if the seller doesn't understand the difference between a Singer Featherweight and an early New Home brand sewing machine.
Estate auctions and yard sales can be even better resources. Especially when a family is clearing out a late relative's barn or attic, you may find a good antique sewing machine at a low price.
WHAT TO LOOK FOR
If you're new to antique sewing machines, there are a few important things to look for.
First, be sure that there is a sewing machine in the cabinet. During the late 20th century, people often discarded the heavy sewing machine and used the wooden cabinet or table as furniture.
Next, see if the sewing machine works. Usually, you need only turn the hand wheel. That's the big wheel at the end of the sewing machine, opposite the threading and needle mechanism.
If the wheel won't turn, see if something is jammed. A bent needle or a rusty bobbin may be the culprit.
If the wheel seems entirely locked in place, the machine may need more work than it's worth. If you like how it looks and it comes with a good case or cabinet, offer a low amount. $15 - $25 can be a fair price for the machine alone, since you may spend many times that for professional repairs and cleaning.
If the wheel turns, examine the machine's other parts. Almost any smaller part can be replaced for under $50, even on a Featherweight. However, if several parts need replacement, restoration can become expensive.
How is the machine powered? If you plan to restore or use it, see if the treadle works. These rarely break.
If the machine had been electrified--these are most common--check the wiring. Then, plug it in and see if it still runs.
The motor can be removed, repaired or replaced, and the leather loop between the treadle and the hand wheel is also easily replaced. But, repairs and replacements will affect your purchase price. Bargain accordingly.
Inspect the bobbin. There are two main types of bobbins in antique sewing machines: traditional and shuttle. Many machines rely on the same round, traditional style of bobbin that we use today. However, a few designs use a shuttle-style bobbin. Which you prefer is a matter of personal preference; both work well, but the shuttle can be more difficult to repair if it needs work.
TRANSPORTING YOUR SEWING MACHINE AND SETTING IT UP
Although most antique sewing machines are very durable for use, they made be made of brittle metal. So, be sure to wrap your sewing machine in an old blanket or other padding, before you take it home. If the dealer will deliver it for you, that may be a good choice.
Once the machine is in your home, clean it thoroughly. Remove all drawers and trays, and empty them. Unless the cabinet is a valuable antique, you may want to refinish it, or at least give it a very thorough cleaning.
Always clean and oil the entire sewing machine before attempting to sew with it. Use only sewing machine oil; other oils can thicken and cause your machine to lock.
Clean the machine with a brush intended for this purpose. You may also purchase tiny attachments for your vacuum cleaner, to extract lint and fibers from around the bobbin case.
It's smart to find a manual for your machine. Sometimes, scans of the original manuals are online. Or, you may find someone selling photocopies of the manuals, or even reprints of them.
With a manual, you can learn about important adjustments, as well as attachments for your machine.
Many sewing machine dealers stock parts for antique machines, or can order them for you. Shop around, on- and offline; prices can vary considerably.
MAINTAINING YOUR ANTIQUE SEWING MACHINE
Whether you use or simply display your sewing machine, it's important to keep it cleaned and well oiled. Dust and rust are the two biggest threats to the value of your machine; if either gets inside the machine, cleaning and repairs can be costly.
If you sew with the machine, oil it regularly. Some machines should be oiled after every six or eight hours of sewing.
The cabinet and case should be treated the same as any other piece of fine furniture.
Antique sewing machines are fun to collect and many of them work better than their modern counterparts. You may also want accessories to use or display with your machine. For many collectors, sewing collectibles become a satisfying life-long passion, and a connection with the past. |
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