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Description
Bioinformatics is the computerized analysis of biological data, that is, the way we use computers to extract and collate biological data. In particular, this term has come to represent computer analysis of the structure of the human genome and other genetic subjects. Normally, research is a matter of searching out and processing data on a subject, but web-based information about Bioinformatics is so prolific that web-based research on this subject has become a matter of analyzing specific requirements and organizing data in a logical, comprehensive manner.
There are three important sub-disciplines within Bioinformatics involving computational biology. These are, the development of new algorithms and statistics to collate large amounts of data, analysis and interpretation of that data, and the development of tools for efficient access and management of diverse types and formats of information.
Scope
The two major areas of activity in Bioinformatics consist of organization and analysis. Organization involves the creation of a database or databases and their maintenance. Analysis comprises the mining and connecting of data obtained from the database. In time, sophisticated intelligent computerized search routines will be developed, but for now, a serious researcher must either specialize narrowly, or cut the research effort into manageable chunks. For instance, a simple starter task in Bioinformatics might be the creation and maintenance of databases of biological information comprising nucleic acid sequences (and the protein sequences derived from them). This is a substantial task, and designing a database and developing access and update methods is only the beginning. However, researching this relatively narrow subject on the Internet will produce manageable results.
In Bioinformatics, the analysis and sequencing of information is called Computational Biology, and the name of the process is a useful search term that can be used by both generalized and specialized search engines. Computational Biology can help you find the genes in the DNA sequences of various organisms, develop methods to predict the structure and/or function of new RNA sequences and proteins and other practical tasks, including the prediction of the three-dimensional structure of a protein using algorithms that have been derived from our knowledge of physics, chemistry and from the analysis of other proteins with similar amino acid sequences.
The Need for Bioinformatics
Bioinformatics is used in several cutting-edge scientific areas. The most well known of these concerns genetics and the mapping of the human and other genomes, or whole genome analyses and sequences. However Bioinformatics is also used in forensic and agricultural and medical applications, and DNA chips and array analysis, the so-called biologic computer project. Over the last decade the discipline has grown enormously. It now has a direct impact on healthcare, the discovery of next generation drugs and agricultural products, and renewable energy. It also integrates research into Computer development, Information Science and Technology to solve complex Life Science problems.
The immense growth in our knowledge in the biological sciences means that data capture, data warehousing and data mining are major issues for scientists. Bioinformatics is on the cutting edge of Research & Development in the discovery of new drugs and vaccines, molecular diagnostic kits, agro-business developments, all of which means that the discipline receives a great deal of attention from big business as well as pure science institutes. This has resulted in a shift to more practical and technical applications.
To sum up, then, Bioinformatics is a multidisciplinary subject that integrates developments in Information and Computer Technology as applied to Biotechnology and Biological Sciences and several business applications. Sequence analysis of our biological knowledge, stored in large databases results in greater biological knowledge. Bioinformatics uses computer software tools to create and manage databases, to warehouse and mine data, and to communicate and disseminate information worldwide, via the Internet. The discipline includes methods of access, search, and retrieval of the information. Web-based research in Bioinformatics consists initially of narrowing ones focus, and simplification, stratification, and prioritization of goals. This requires setting a timeline with specific research goals, familiarization with the Internet, especially with specialized search engines, basic research into search engine techniques, familiarization with appropriate database structures and organization, and a plan for bringing diverse sources of information together. Concentration on this ¡®front-end¡¯ effort pays dividends at all levels of research. |
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