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A good pond filter can make or break your pond. With the right filter, your pond will be beautiful, healthy, and trouble-free. There are three types of filtration – mechanical, chemical, and biological. Some filtration occurs naturally in a circulating water feature. Naturally occurring filtration needs to be supplemented to some extent.
Mechanical filtration is a physical process and traps debris. Coarse filters include screens and strainers often built into pumps. Chemical filtration is done by adding processed minerals and chemical products to manage the pond ecosystem. Biological filtration is a combination of mechanical and chemical filtration. Biological filtration occurs when plants trap debris and sediment and use the nutrients to grow increasing the amount of plant material sustaining the filtration process. The right filter for your pond depends on the pond’s size and design.
Pond design features that effect filter choice are live plant loading, presence of fish, and the pond’s circulation system. If you have fish and plants in your pond, biological filtration is occurring naturally. However, because a pond is a closed system and because the live plant and animal loading of the pond changes, additional biological filtration is needed. This will keep the water chemistry stable and healthy. Simple tests including dip strips are available to test your ponds chemistry and alert you to the need for filter cleaning or the need for additional filtration.
Filters can be submerged or located outside the pond. Both types are effective. Submerged filters take up less space. Your pond will not run the risk of being drained if your submerged filter plugs. Submerged filters are not attractive unless the pond is deep or they can be hidden with plants.
Filters located outside your pond are easier to maintain than submerged filters. Access is generally good and maintenance doesn’t require putting on waders. External filters do need to include a bypass to avoid draining your pond if the filter plugs. External filters also need water-tight connections and piping that is free of holes. External filters work well for small ponds that can not accommodate a submerged filter.
A very effective filter set-up for a large pond with plants, fish, and a natural feel is a submerged biological filter. An arrangement with a pump pulling water through the bio-filter media and then to the rest of the system – waterfall and stream or a fountain – will provide both mechanical and biological filtration to supplement the natural filtration occurring with the plants, fish, and other creatures. This type of system will maintain healthy water chemistry. However, it will not remove pond sediment to any great degree.
A simple effective filter submerged design for this type of system includes a large plastic bucket or planter with several holes in the bottom and sides. Partially fill the container with layers of rock and a mesh bag of ceramic filter media. Place the pump in the container with the inlet facing the bottom of the container. Fill in around the pump with rock. Connect the pump outlet to the balance of the pond if feeding a waterfall or fountain. If your container has a lid, you can cut a hole in the lid, and connect the pump inlet to the hole. This will keep the pump outside the container allowing for more filter media. Test the water chemistry to determine when filter cleaning is necessary. This filter arrangement may only need to be cleaned a couple times a year if your pond ecosystem is balanced.
If your pond design involves the need for preventing the build-up of sediment in the pond, you will need a mechanical filter with a series of stages. This type of filter should be located outside the pond for ease of maintenance. The filter media will need to be changed or cleaned in your mechanical filter every two or three days or as often as daily during warm weather. Cleaning and changing the filter media frequently will remove any beneficial bacteria. For this reason, you should install a biological filter as well preferably with a separate pump. The best filter media for this external filter is a series of foam mats with various densities.
If your pond water is green, an ultra-violet light will help correct the problem. Most ultra-violet lights are external. However, there are a few submerged ultra-violet lights available as well. The ultraviolet light needs to be located upstream of mechanical filtration to work. Ultra-violet lights cause algae to form clumps. These larger algae particles are more easily trapped by the filter media.
Pond filters can be easy and inexpensive. Select the right filter for your pond based on pond design, space, and the presence of fish and plants.
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