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Pluto is the smallest planet in our solar system. It is smaller than the Earth's moon and six other moons in our solar system. Percival Lowell discovered Pluto in 1930. This planet was the last to be discovered. Pluto is thought to be composed of 70 percent rock and 30 percent ice. It has one moon named Charon. There is not a lot known about this planet. It is the only one that has yet to be explored by spacecraft or probe. The planet was named after Pluto the Roman god of the underworld.
The Basics:
The diameter of Pluto is 1,444 miles. The average temperature at the surface is thought to be around -382 degrees Fahrenheit. The average distance from the sun for this planet is 3,687,500,000 miles.
Rotation and Orbit:
Though Pluto is considered the furthest planet from our sun, this is not always true. Pluto's orbit is unique in comparison to the orbits of the other eight planets. For some of its orbit, this planet is closer to the sun than Neptune. This last occurred between January 1979 and February 1999. It takes 248 Earth years for Pluto to orbit the sun. It has not yet completed an orbit since its discovery. Pluto has a very slow rotation. The only planet that has a slower rotation is Venus. It takes six days and nine hours for Pluto to rotate one time. Because of the slow rate of rotation and the size of the planet, a seventy-pound child would weight only four pounds on Pluto.
Moon:
Charon is Pluto's only known moon. Charon is so close in size to Pluto that some consider them to be double planets rather than planet and moon. This moon was discovered in 1978 by Jim Christy. The surface of this moon appears to be covered with ice. Charon is 753 miles in diameter and takes 6.4 days to orbit Pluto.
Atmosphere and Temperature:
The composition of Pluto's atmosphere is largely unknown. It is believed to be composed of mostly nitrogen. The unique thing about Pluto's atmosphere is that it changes depending on how close the planet is to the sun. When the planet's orbit is further from the sun, the atmosphere is frozen solid. When the orbit brings the planet closer to the sun the atmosphere melts and forms loosely around the planet.
Visits:
Though Pluto has yet to be visited, NASA has plans to do so in the near future. New Horizons has a launch date of 2006 and should arrive near Pluto and Charon in 2015.
Surface and Landmarks:
Not much is known about the surface of Pluto. The Hubbell telescope has gotten some pictures of the surface but it could only pick up the largest of the surface features. Larger and more powerful telescopes are being built everyday. Perhaps some day soon the surface will be seen in greater detail.
Thoughts and Theories:
In recent years some scientists have tried to have Pluto demoted from a planet to a comet or asteroid. They feel that Pluto is too small to be considered a planet. Though the debate is still alive, Pluto is today still considered the ninth planet.
Pluto shares many characteristics with Neptune's moon Triton. Triton is the largest of Neptune's seven moons. These shared properties lead to speculation that Pluto and Triton have a common history. An early theory was that Pluto used to be one of Neptune's moons but broke free into its own orbit around the sun. The more recent theory is that Triton may have at one time had its own orbit like Pluto does, but was pulled into Neptune's gravitational pull. |
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