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Today¡¯s pet ferret, known as the common ferret, is a close descendent of the European polecat; and after thousands of years of domestication, has become so dependent upon us that it cannot survive on its own and will die within a few days of becoming lost. In spite of its inability to care for itself, its liveliness and curiosity about everything it sees makes it an excellent escape artist.
Ferrets are carnivorous and have dietary needs similar to cats, requiring fat and animal protein. Their wild cousin, the black-footed ferret, subsists mainly on prairie dogs. Ferrets can open twist ties, shoestrings, zippers, cabinet doors, drawers, and cage doors that aren¡¯t equipped with padlocks, so you don¡¯t want to leave your loose ferret and the family hamster (caged or not) together unattended.
In addition to having your pet ferret spayed or neutered, you¡¯ll need to have the scent gland removed. The scent gland is located under the base of the tail and is used to eject a pungent odor when the animal is frightened. It is from this defensive behavior of the weasel that the term ¡°polecat¡± was erroneously attached to the skunk.
Ferrets can live anywhere from eight to twelve years, and there¡¯s a good possibility that your ferret will require one major surgery in its life. Their love of chewing on rubber substances and many other items they find can create intestinal blockages, and they are also prone to adrenal disease and insulinoma, as well as other ailments. But they are probably no less healthy than any other pet you may have. Before adopting a ferret into your family, make sure you have a local veterinarian available that is able to treat (including surgery) ferrets successfully.
Male ferrets can grow from sixteen to twenty-six inches long, including their five-inch tail, and weight from two to five pounds. Females are smaller, around fifteen inches long and one to two pounds, and bear two broods a year, each brood having six or seven kits.
Healthy kits should receive canine distemper vaccinations starting at eight weeks old and rabies vaccinations beginning at three months old. Make sure that your veterinarian uses only U.S.D.A. licensed vaccines specifically labeled for ferrets. Ferrets are especially vulnerable to canine distemper, and it has a 100% fatality rate in unvaccinated ferrets. While there have been very few cases of rabid ferrets, and your pet may never leave the house except to go to the vet¡¯s, it¡¯s essential to get your pet vaccinated against rabies. If your ferret should bite someone, having proof of vaccination against rabies is the first step in protecting your pet from seizure by animal control authorities (and certain death for rabies testing) and yourself from potential lawsuits. Check the local ordinances in your area, as some localities require you to have a permit to own a ferret.
When selecting your ferret, any color pattern that appeals to you is good, as neither color nor gender dictates personality. Ferrets are individuals, and it doesn¡¯t seem to make much difference whether it¡¯s a neutered male or a female. While not as easily identified as in cats and dogs, gender identification in ferrets isn¡¯t too difficult. Females have a second opening (sometimes with a tiny flap of skin) immediately in front of the anus. You can verify that you have a female by observing her litter pan. Females urinate right on top of their stool, while males will make puddles a few inches in front of their feces. If you look on the stomach of your ferret, halfway between the bottom of the rib cage and the base of the tail, and see what looks like an ¡°outie¡± belly button, you can be sure that you have a male.
Litter pans need to be at least five inches high with one side lowered to an inch or two for ease of access, especially for small kits. Ferrets back up to a corner to do their business, so be sure there¡¯s enough depth to the litter pan to avoid accidental splashing outside the litter pan. You can use cat litter in your ferret¡¯s litter pan, but the clumping kind is not recommended. Some ferrets rub their bottoms across their litter after they finish ¡°littering,¡± and they also sniff their ¡°deposits.¡± Bits of litter can become wedged in their noses and rectums, and those bits can become a problem if the litter is the clumping kind. Since urine contains ammonia, cleaning the litter box with ammonia is asking for trouble, as it will send the wrong message. Cleaners that contain phenyl phenol, such as Lysol and others, both the liquid and the spray, can be toxic to ferrets. Don¡¯t use or spray it around your pet; rinse, dry, and air out the pan before letting your ferret back into it. Don¡¯t let your pet walk in the residue of the cleaner on the floor--wash and dry it first.
Although they sleep anywhere from eighteen to twenty hours a day, ferrets need to be in either a ferret-proofed room or a cage when you can¡¯t be with them. If they¡¯re awake, they¡¯re active, whether it¡¯s wrestling with each other, interacting with their owners, or just looking for mischief. Ferrets are intelligent, affectionate, and extremely sociable. They like nothing better than to be interacting with their owners; but if you can¡¯t be there because you work or have other obligations, you should have more than one ferret.
Because ferrets are so energetic and sociable and crave attention from their humans, it¡¯s vital that you not keep your ferret caged up for days. They need freedom and interaction with you. There are times, though, when they¡¯ll need to be caged for their own protection. Cages need to be large enough to accommodate a litter pan, food and water bowls, sleeping areas, and the perpetual activity generated by the ferrets when they wake. They play almost non-stop and need lots of room to romp and wrestle with each other. Cover the bottom of the cage so that your pets don¡¯t hurt themselves on the wire floors. Vinyl flooring or cage mats work well. Old t-shirts, sweatshirts, towels, and blankets make excellent bedding; ferrets love to snuggle in these items for sleep. They also like to sleep in hammocks. Do not use wood shavings in your ferret¡¯s cage. They can cause asthma and other serious problems.
High quality cat food will do well for your ferret, and an eight-pound bag of dry will last two ferrets about two months. Dry food is preferable to wet and will better maintain your pet¡¯s health. There are several expensive foods that advertise that they¡¯re designed especially for ferrets. Check with your veterinarian to see what type of food and brand he recommends for your pet. Another item about which to check with your vet is hairball remedy. Not only will hairball remedy assist with preventing hairballs, it will help to pass the small bits and pieces of material that your ferret shouldn¡¯t have sampled.
Just like cats, cow¡¯s milk will give ferrets diarrhea, so they shouldn¡¯t have it. Chocolate is another no-no; it¡¯s toxic to ferrets. Ferrets will try just about anything, but it¡¯s not a good idea to feed them too many table treats.
Ferrets will learn to get along with your cats and dogs, but not with anything that would be on their menu if they were in the wild. Keep them away from your hamsters, rabbits, mice, lizards, birds - you get the idea. Don¡¯t think that your pet rabbit will be safe because it¡¯s one of the larger breeds. Ferrets in the wild will attack anything that they perceive as lunch even if it¡¯s bigger than they are, and instinct in all animals, even our pets, lies just below the surface.
It¡¯s normal for ferrets to nip each other when they play. They can become overexcited while at play, and the little ¡°nip¡± that they bestow on each other can feel like a ¡°bite¡± to the human skin. A sign that they¡¯re over-stimulated while playing is chattering teeth and arched back. Let them settle down before you try to handle them. Children need to be watched when they¡¯re around ferrets because they want to play with their pets and don¡¯t always recognize the signs of overexcitement. If your ferrets nips you or your child while playing, try to remember that it wasn¡¯t done out of aggression but out of a sense of play and that nipping is normal ferret ¡°play.¡± If your children are very young, excitable, or don¡¯t obey well when cautioned not to touch their pets, then a ferret probably is not a good choice of family pet for you. Ferrets are intelligent, and young ones are sensitive to being scolded, so that should be all that¡¯s needed if you¡¯re seeing actual aggression. If that doesn¡¯t work, a tap under the chin will help to drive home your point.
Ferrets are entertaining, affectionate, engaging critters that are fun to watch, but they also require a lot of attention, work, and expense. They are not an animal whose care you can turn over to your children with the admonition that the pet is now their responsibility and it¡¯s up to them to keep it alive. Please consider carefully whether or not you and your family are ready to take on the responsibility of adopting this playful, endearing pet. |
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