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Ear mites (Otodectes cynotis) are tiny parasites resembling microscopic ticks, and are the most common ear mite of cats. They are not bloodsuckers but feed on tissue debris and tissue fluids. If left untreated, mites can cause severe inflammation in the cat¡¯s ear. Extreme cases can lead to rupture of the eardrum and deafness. Frequent ear scratching and head shaking are the most common symptoms that a cat may have ear mites. If a cat scratches its ear constantly, it can tear open the tiny blood vessels in the earflap, which can then lead to swelling and infection. When untreated, the swollen area can burst and lead to permanent disfigurement.
Another symptom of mite infestation is a buildup of dark wax that looks something like coffee grounds. Mites stimulate the wax-producing glands in the inner ear and the build up of the wax may nearly close off the ear canal. The irritation and the blockage of the airflow can lead to a secondary bacterial or fungal infection and lead to even more discomfort for the cat possibly even death. A trip to the veterinarian¡¯s office should confirm the diagnosis. The vet will inspect the inside of the cat¡¯s ears with an otoscope. The warmth from the light of the otoscope draws the mites out from the earwax and is easy to spot.
Ear mites are generally a problem for outdoor cats. Mites are contagious. They are transferred from host to host by physical contact. If you have numerous cats in the household, chances are they will become infected, so it is highly recommended that you treat the other cats too. Although mites normally live in the ear, sometimes you may find them outside of the cat¡¯s ear. Mites may migrate on the cat¡¯s neck, rail or rump. If this is the case, the cat should be treated with a reputable flea product just as it is important to treat the cat¡¯s environment for mites.
The whole life cycle of the ear mite from egg laying to death of the adults, takes about 3 weeks. However constant reproducing of the mites allow eggs to hatch to form larvae, which then molt to become nymphs, which molt again to become adults. Mites never leave the animal. Otodectes is the most difficult mite to kill. Your veterinarian will prescribe drops that will be placed directly into the ear. In severe cases a general anesthetic may be used in order to clean the ears properly. Treatment must aim at killing and removing every mite from the ear and returning the lining of the ear to normal. A cotton swab should be used to gently clean and remove the mites from the lining of the ear. Treatment of the medication should last over 21 to 28 days so you can be sure that any new larvae or nymphs deriving from eggs have been killed.
As cat owners, we need to be responsible for our cat¡¯s health. Check your cat¡¯s ears for mites regularly. Ear mites should never be untreated. If you suspect your cat have mites, contact your veterinarian so that treatment can start immediately before infection sets in. |
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