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Solar power is too expensive to be practical to power your entire home with, but you can run a small appliance on solar power easily and inexpensively. For campers this can come in very handy. If you find yourself miles away from the nearest 110 volt power source on a Saturday afternoon and you’d like to be able to watch an episode of your favorite TV show, here’s how you’d create a simple solar power system for your portable television.
Basically what you’ll be doing is running your appliance off of a battery, and using a solar panel to recharge the battery. The idea is that the sun's energy is available all day (clouds permitting), and the battery stores it up for when you want to use it, which could also be at night. This also allows you to get by with a smaller solar panel, the most expensive component of your solar power system, on the assumption that you're not running your appliance all day every day. (If you do, you may need more solar panels).
You’ll need a solar panel, a diode, a deep cycle battery and an inverter. A 12 volt deep cycle battery is designed for RV or marine use and can supply a small amount of power over a long period of time, unlike a car battery, which is designed to supply a large amount of power for a short time - just long enough to get your car started. An inverter converts the 12v DC (direct current) of the battery and the solar panel into the 110v AC (alternating current) that a television needs. For this example we’ll use a 15 watt solar panel, which is a manageable size (around twenty pounds) and will be more than enough to supply energy for your portable television, at least long enough to watch an hour of television.
Here’s how you’ll configure your solar array: connect the diode in series between the solar panel and the battery, and connect the solar panel to the battery matching positive to positive and negative to negative. The diode in series with the solar panel will prevent the battery’s current from flowing back through the solar panel when the sun goes behind a cloud (think of a diode as a one-way valve that only allows current to flow in one direction). Then connect the inverter to the battery, also matching positive to positive and negative to negative. Deep cycle batteries have an extra set of wing nut terminals just for this kind of situation.
Before you can decide what size battery and inverter to get, you’ll need to have a pretty good idea of how much power your appliance draws. Look on the back of it for the power rating, which will be listed either in watts or amps. Something typical for a small television would be 200 watts. You’ll need to know how many amps your appliance draws at 12 volts, so divide 200 watts by 12 volts (watts divided by volts equals amps), and round up. In this case, that’s 17 amps. Since a deep cycle battery is rated in amp hours (Ah), you’ll need to get one that’s rated at least 17 Ah to run this particular appliance for one hour. But if you want to be absolutely certain that you get to watch the entire episode of your television show, and maybe even the previews for next week’s show, then get the next highest rated battery. Finally, the size of the inverter you get needs to match the total wattage of the appliances you want to run, plus about 10%-20% more. You don’t want the inverter to have to run at capacity and you definitely never, ever want to overload an inverter or any other component in your solar power system.
NOTE: There are also very significant differences in the quality of the AC that you get out of an inverter. Cheap inverters put out 'dirty' AC, which can show up as snow on your television or actually even fry it. For electronics as complex as a television you want to spend a little more and buy an inverter that brags about how clean its AC output is.
Plug your television into the outlet on your inverter, then kick back and enjoy the show. Always be sure to read and follow all the safety instructions that come with each component of your system.
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