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Living with a diabetic cat doesn't have to be difficult, although it is certainly more involved than living with a healthy cat. Keep in mind that if you choose to care for your pet, he can live many more healthy years.
First, make sure that your pet has no complications with diabetes before choosing to treat him. He may be in kidney failure, or have other serious problems. If this is the case, treating him for diabetes is likely useless. If this is not the case, and the cat is otherwise healthy, treatment can -- and should -- begin immediately.
Most cats will require prescription food (generally consisting of only meat -- diabetic cats are on a 'low-carb' diet) from the veterinarian, antibiotics, and insulin injections. Cats will only take antibiotics for one or two weeks, as directed by the vet, to clear up any accompanying infections. The insulin, however, will continue for their entire lifetime.
Diabetic cats use human insulin, which can be purchased at an ordinary pharmacy. Your vet should write you a prescription for it the first time you get it, but you don't need a prescription for it. You will also need to pick up a package of syringes (which you also don't need a prescription for). The insulin must be stored in the fridge. When you are ready to use it, gently turn it over a few times to mix it. Don't shake it, or you could break down the enzymes in it. Use each syringe only once; this is what they are designed for. Using it multiple times could lead to pain for the animal.
To administer a shot, prepare the injection while another person gets the cat. Upend the bottle of insulin and stick the needle through the rubber stopper. Pull the plunger back to more than the correct dose. Then, check for any air bubbles in the syringe. If there are any, flick the syringe gently until they float to the top. Then, push the air back into the bottle. Make sure that there are no air bubbles when you administer the shot. Measure the dose very carefully.
Once the injection is prepared, select a spot on the cat's back (from neck to tail). Grab a handful of skin and pull it up. The needle is to be injected under the skin, NOT into a vein. Slide the needle into the skin gently and pull the plunger back slightly. If there is no resistance, you have stuck the needle all the way through the cat's skin. If you get blood, you are in too deep. If there is nothing but a slight resistance, you are in the right place. Then, gently inject the medicine into the cat.
These shots should typically be administered twice a day at equally spaced intervals. You should only give an insulin injection after you are sure the cat has eaten. Giving an insulin injection on an empty stomach could result in the blood sugar going too low, which could cause a diabetic coma or other serious problems. Check with your vet for exact instructions on frequency of injection, timing, and dosage.
Cats should eat roughly twice a day, immediately before insulin injections. They should also have only prescription food. Do not feed a diabetic cat non-prescription food or table scraps unless your vet knows about it and allows it. A cat's feeding schedule must be carefully monitored in order to keep his blood sugar balanced.
After a couple weeks of treatment, you should begin to notice a difference in your cat. He may eat, drink, and sleep less, and be more active. He may seem more aware of what's going on around him. He may begin grooming himself again and he may walk better than he used to. The walking, however, does not improve in all cats.
About a week after diagnosis, your cat will go back to the vet for a check. He will need to stay there for several hours, so that the vet's office can feed him and give him insulin and draw blood several times. They will chart his blood sugar throughout the day, looking for a u-shaped graph. If this is occurring, his insulin dose may be fine. If it's not, the dose may be adjusted accordingly.
After this visit, your cat will need to return to the vet two or three months later for a similar test (but not an all-day test; a simple blood test) and will then see the vet roughly every six months. Every cat is different; keep in close contact with your veterinarian.
Cats that are successfully treated for diabetes will be happier and healthier. It's important to keep the treatment going. Never forget to feed your pet at least roughly on schedule, or to administer the insulin injections at the proper times. It's also best to teach all adults or teens in the house how to care for the cat, so that anyone can do it if necessary.
Continue to give your cat lots of love and support as he goes through this difficult time. Within a few weeks, he will be mostly back to the pet you knew and loved before he got diabetes.
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