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Power windows make every drivers life easier. With one push of a button the driver can open or close any window in the car without having to lean over to the other seats or walk around the car to the individual doors. The power window system isn't an entirely new concept and hasn't changed much since the late 70s. Though some cars started utilizing a module assembly in the last few years to keep wiring issues under control, most systems still consist of the 4 basic components:
The root of every electrical system starts at the battery. From the battery, power courses through a large wire to a power distribution box located under the hood. Power is divided to the separate systems from there, allowing a smaller wire to run to the ignition switch. This allows power to be supplied to the windows when the key is placed in the "On" position only, in order to keep children or pets from draining the battery or burning the window motors out from excessive operation.
From there, power goes to a fuse in the fuse block that is usually located under the instrument panel. Recently, depending on make and model, the fuse block could be in the glove box, near the passenger¡¯s feet, in the driver¡¯s or passenger¡¯s door jambs, or possibly under the hood. Some manufacturers even hide them in the trunk. The fuse is the 'weak spot' in the power supply that's designed to burn out before the other components or wires do. This saves on expensive repairs if something should happen - like a shorted or damaged wire, a collision or water damage.
Wires then go through a hole in the door jamb and up to an electric switch in the door panel. The switch is simply a jumper wire that temporarily closes two sets of wire circuits to operate the window motor. Pushing the button upward closes one set of wires while pushing the button downward closes a separate set in order to run the motor in opposite directions. The wires then make their way down to the power window motor itself. The motors output shaft rotates clockwise or counter-clockwise, just like the manual window handles, to turn a small gear that contacts a larger gear.
From there, everything else is purely mechanical. The bigger gear is cut into a 90 degree, or ? section of a circle. The large gear pivots a set of scissor-like linkages that attach to the bottom of the window glass to slide it up or down at the passengers' comfort. The linkages utilize a spring to carry the weight of the glass so the motor will not burn out from excessive loads.
A word of warning:
This spring is extremely dangerous if not handled properly. If tension is accidentally released, the spring will force the linkage arms to close at a very fast rate - like scissors - with a lot of force which could result in the loss of a finger, or worse. |
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