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It has been a considerable amount of time since Nintendo's Game Boy hardware has been considered groundbreaking. Rather than that, its focus has been on high quality games. Though only minor changes to the basic functioning have been made over the past decade, Nintendo continues to dominate the handheld market. Improving upon the standard set by the previous systems but not quite at the level of the newly-released Nintendo Dual Screen (DS), the Game Boy Advance (GBA) is regardless a tried-and-true system. But how, exactly, does it function?
As any video game system, the GBA (and its second incarnation, the GBA SP) performs to expectations due to many different components working together. It is better to think that several devices, rather than one, are necessary to understand how a GBA works.
At its core, a video gaming console is a very specialized computer system. In order to keep system costs reasonable, most manufacturers use a central processing unit that has been around long enough that it has dropped significantly in cost. Most of these systems are actually based on the same central processing units used by desktop computers, and the system used by Nintendo is no exception.
The GBA has a 2.9 inch (7.37 cm) screen of 240 by 160 pixels. The screen is composed of a thin film transistor with a color liquid crystal display, otherwise known as an LCD. The liquid crystals exhibit the behaviors of both liquids and solids in that they tend to maintain a certain orientation, yet the molecules are capable of changing position. Because liquid crystals are closer to liquids, they are very sensitive to temperature and are otherwise easily manipulated. Passing electric currents through the liquid crystals will cause them to twist or untwist in predictable ways. Doing this can control the amount of light passing through the display and produce other effects. To gain color, the display utilizes three subpixels, and by varying the voltage passing through each of them, the color can be controlled. This is how a GBA displays a video game.
Game Boy Advances all have 32-bit central processing units (CPUs). These are seventeen times as fast as the earlier Game Boy systems and perform in two graphic modes. Comparatively, the GBA can display up to 32,000 colors using bitmap mode, or 511 colors simultaneously in character mode. In bitmap mode, the GBA displays images as uncompressed bitmaps for higher quality, using an array of pixels. In character mode, the display is treated as an array of blocks, each block being able to hold one ASCII character. In total, the GBA has a 65,535 color palette of potentially displayable colors. It also includes 32 kilobytes of Window Random Access Memory (WRAM) and 96 kilobytes of Video RAM, as well as 256 kilobytes of external WRAM.
The buttons of the system take commands and execute them through the CPU and game cartridge to change what is being displayed on the screen. As for sound, the GBA contains a PCM stereo sound generator, allowing for overlapping sounds, such as the simultaneous playback of several different tracks.
Finally, the GBA is powered by two AA batteries, either standard or rechargeable, and can run for up to 20 hours - significantly longer than previous Game Boy systems.
Proof of its quality design, the Game Boy has lasted longer than any other handheld system to date, and it is expected that Nintendo will continue to improve on this pattern for many years to come. |
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