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Native Americans populations were so dense in most parts of North and South America that artifacts from their everyday life can be found in practically every region of these two continents. Such artifacts include pottery shards, stone grinding tools used to prepare food, hammer stones and small cutting tools made from stone flakes, and of course, the ubiquitous arrowheads that practically everyone has found at sometime if they have spent time outdoors.
Finding arrowheads and other artifacts is a matter of blind luck for most people, but there are ways to increase your odds if you know where and how to look. To search a given area you must try to picture what the landscape must have been like 500 or more years ago, when all the inhabitants were still living in the Stone Age and hunting their food with bows and arrows. Although the random arrowhead can turn up anywhere a primitive hunter might have taken a shot at wild game, your best chances of finding arrowheads is to look in the places where native people lived or where they gathered tool-making stone. In such places, you will often see evidence of arrowhead making in the form of large quantities of scattered stone flakes. Arrowheads were made from rocks like flint, chert or obsidian. These stones break in glassy flakes and can be shaped into very sharp cutting tools and projectile points. Native people often worked stone into tools right at the site where they found a good outcrop of suitable stone, so keep an eye out for these kinds of rocks and check the surrounding area for evidence of man-made flakes.
When searching for areas where Stone Age people lived, worked and played, look for places that offer high, level ground near a stream, river or other natural water source. These are the kinds of places where villages and temporary hunting camps were established. Today such sites might be occupied by houses or other buildings, farm fields, or woods. Dense woods are the most difficult places to search for arrowheads, while open fields are the easiest. Large quantities of arrowheads are sometimes found in farmer¡¯s fields after they are plowed. If you spot a freshly plowed field near a river or stream, ask the landowner¡¯s permission and then wait for a rain if possible. The rain will settle the dirt and leave any small stones or artifacts exposed. Walk though the field and carefully scan the ground for sharp flakes of flint or other tool-making stone, as the presence of these is a sure indication there are at least some arrowheads around.
Any sort of broken ground is a good place to look for arrowheads, as over hundreds or even thousands of years they will settle beneath the surface. Check the freshly graded earth near road construction sites and other building operations that break the surface and turn over fresh dirt. As in a field, searching these areas is most productive after a rain.
If you know a specific area was heavily used by native people, you might want to do some digging of your own. Archaeologists make such exploratory digs, usually working in 6-foot by 6-foot grids and sifting every shovelful of earth through a box with a screen strainer that will sort any arrowheads from the dirt. This sort of digging is hard work but can be especially productive on the sites of known settlements or camps.
An easier place to look is along river and stream beds. Sometimes arrowheads turn up in riverside gravel or sand bars. The points you find in rivers might be less than perfect, however, as erosion over time will have dulled their sharp edges. You can also check clay banks along streams, as the water might have cut into a layer of buried artifacts and can sometimes reveal large quantities of points sticking out of the mud.
In mountainous or hilly areas, naturally-occurring rock shelters or caves are almost a sure bet for finding artifacts. Ancient people often lived or camped in such places, and evidence in the form of flakes will tell you for sure if a particular one was used. Often such prime spots will already have been picked over by arrowhead hunters, but you still might find points if you methodically scan all the surrounding ground nearby.
No matter where you find one, spotting an untouched arrowhead is always exciting. You pick it up, knowing that it has not been held by human hands for centuries at least, if not thousands of years. It¡¯s hard to handle such a finely-crafted piece of functional art and not wonder about the Stone Age hunter who made it, and how he used it. |
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