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Emergency flares, also known as visual distress signals, are essential safety equipment for boaters. Because of their importance in boating safety, practically all boats are required by the U.S. Coast Guard to carry them in various configurations, depending on the type of vessel and where it is operated.
Flares are pyrotechnic devices similar to fireworks, in that they utilize a powder charge to send a rocket skyward, or in the case of hand-held flares, to create a bright red or white flame or a plume of colored smoke at the end of a wand-like stick that can be waved to get attention. Any type of flare is only useful, if it is seen by someone who can render assistance or call someone else for help, so the use of flares involves careful consideration as each one burns only a short time. Because of the wide variety of situations and locations where people participate in boating activities, there are many types of flares available for each purpose, from inshore boating on small bodies of water to offshore sailing on the high seas. Obviously, your requirements in an inventory of flares will be different if you are sailing across the Atlantic Ocean as opposed to taking an afternoon cruise in your local lake.
Because of different environments, flares are categorized as inshore, coastal or offshore, with the offshore varieties being the most expensive due to their capability of reaching much higher altitudes. Inshore flares can be either handheld or aerial, the simplest kind activated by pulling a wire or chain on one end. A slightly more effective type of aerial flare is the 12-gauge meteor flare, which is packaged in a shortened 12-gauge shotgun shell and fired from a purpose-made flare pistol. These send a rocket-like signal as high as 250 feet and meet the Coast Guard requirements for inshore and coastal sailing as long as at least three red ones are carried. Red flares can be seen day or night and are more versatile than white ones. White flares, while highly visible at night, are intended for non-emergency signaling rather than strictly for a vessel in distress for which red flares are designated. Despite the fact that a total of only three flares are required by law, these hand-held and 12-gauge meteor flares are so inexpensive that it is good insurance to carry three of each kind as a minimum, and perhaps a couple of smoke signal flares as well, even for boating in relatively benign waters.
Offshore sailors in the open ocean who may be in a life or death situation when they send up a visual distress signal need flares that can be seen from much longer distances and over a longer period of time. The type of flare that best serves this need is the parachute flare, which can reach an altitude of 1,000 feet and burn for up to a minute at 30,000 candle power while drifting slowly downward. Parachute flares are expensive, but boats venturing more than ten miles offshore should carry at least three and preferably six, in addition to the hand-held and aerial flares required by less adventurous boaters.
All pyrotechnic flares expire 42 months after date of manufacture, which is printed on the outside of the individual package. Flares older than the expiration date do not meet U.S. Coast Guard or local marine patrol inspections and boaters can be issued citations for not having a current inventory on board. Despite this legal requirement for current flares, old ones should not be discarded but can be kept on board for emergency back-up use in addition to the newer ones you must purchase.
Flares are packaged in individual containers that are essentially waterproof, yet it is still a good idea to keep them in waterproof containers or in a dry, designated area below decks where you and all your passengers and crew know where to find them in an emergency. Guest and passengers who may not be familiar with flares should be instructed in their use, but flares should never be launched just for fun or as a joke. Mariners around the world rely on the use of visual distress signals when things go really wrong out at sea, and false signals would undermine this system and are therefore illegal as well as irresponsible. Most boaters will never need to launch a flare in a real emergency, but when the chips are down and the seas are high, it¡¯s nice to know that you have properly equipped your vessel with a selection of high-visibility distress flares. |
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