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Many people are not really aware of just how common video formatting is and what is done when video formatting happens. To understand video formatting you need do know why video formatting happens.
When a film is made now days it is generally filmed at a 2.35:1 ratio. This means that the length of the picture is 2.35 times the height. Television however is based off of the old film ratio from the time TV was invented, which is 1.33:1. This means that the size of the basic television screen is not to the same ratio as film. This causes problems when making it so movies can bee shown on TV. With films being much wider than TV it would be impossible to just straight out transfer the movie to TV.
A truly direct transfer would cause the picture to be stretch and very deformed. This has been done, but it was never popular. The only time it is done any more is during credits when there really is a need to show the full screen.
The more popular method originally was to just crop or cut out a segment of the picture. Editors at the time would focus on the center of the picture, figuring that to be the main are of focus and cut off the sides. The problem here is that you would loose any action happening in the sides. This was replaced with the pan and scan method, and is not really practiced at all now days.
Pan and scan is very similar to the cropping method above, except that it does not always focus on the middle of the picture. With pan and scan the picture moves around so that if there are three people talking, one in the middle and one to each side, we move back and forth from the ones who are talking. This is the method used now days. Just about any film you watch on television has been edited to the pan and scan way of editing. Pan and scan movies still have the action on the side cut out though. Very often there are item that can be seen in the film that are missing from the pan and scan version of the film. In this way you are not getting to see the film as it was meant to be seen.
The die-hard movie buff though prefer widescreen or letterboxed as it is also known. Widescreen is when the film itself is kept in it original ratio and black bars are added above and bellow the film to fill out the rest of the space. This allows for a smaller version of the film to fit on a standard television screen. With widescreen you are getting to see the film as it was presented in the theaters and as the director intended for all to see it.
There are several complaints however about widescreen. One complaint is the black lines. Some people claim that the black lines annoy them and it becomes a personal preference as to the distraction of the black lines. Most who like widescreen point out that you really stop noticing the black lines at a point once you have focused on the movie itself. The other main complaint is that the picture is smaller than with pan and scan. With most TVs this is not a big factor. Legitimately the picture is about half the size as what you get with the pan and scan, full screen versions, but on a standard TV you should still be able to make out just as much detail.
The choice between widescreen and full screen is a matter of preference. Due to the aspect differences between film and television such formatting is going to always be needed when preparing a movie to be aired on television.
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