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We¡¯ve all seen that classic image of virtual reality: a boy puts on a helmet, and suddenly he is not just playing a video game but is actually in it. Unfortunately, this kind of manipulatable dream world has only been the stuff of movies and, well, dreams.
But it may soon be the stuff of the future as scientists continue to improve holographic technology.
A hologram is not a photograph, and it is not a projection. To put it simply, a hologram is an image that contains the three-dimensional information of an original object or scene. It is a ¡°pattern¡± on a piece of film that, when hit with a light, typically a laser, recreates the original that our brains view as being before us.
You may have seen holograms such as holographic stickers before, but these are only two-dimensional holograms. And though you may not have seen a three-dimensional hologram in person, you may remember one in Star Wars when Luke first sees the hologram of Leia recorded in R2D2. But holographic environments will truly be environments, that is, they will be three-dimensional and able to be manipulated by the users.
Shared holographic environments, for purposes such as business, are called tele-immersion. The National Tele-Immersion Initiative brings together scientists for research and development, and is led by Jaron Lanier, the computer scientist and author who coined the term ¡°virtual reality¡± in the 1980¡¯s. The initiative¡¯s latest advance was in 2000, when participants in Chapel Hill, NC, and Armonk, NY, were able to communicate and collaborate with each other¡¯s three-dimensional images in real time.
When we look at a video, we are able only to see the angle the camera gives us; if we turn our heads, the image remains the same. Conversely, in tele-immersion or a holographic environment, turning your head means you see a new angle in the hologram. This is accomplished by making a user wear particular gadgets that record both the area around that user and the viewpoint of the opposite user. The technology allows these two pieces of information to correspond so one user can ¡°look around¡± the area of the other.
As might be expected, this technology is extremely complicated¡ªafter all, even the scientific definition of a hologram requires far more knowledge of physics that the average layperson has! In addition, the technology is new. Therefore, it is natural that it is presently fairly crude. Much like video-conferencing or videophones, the user only sees a few frames per second (around three), so it appears jumpy. Once computer technology has developed enough to allow more frames per second (around 10), the image will appear smooth and more ¡°real.¡±
Currently, tele-immersion is able to produce an image, but a user cannot participate in it. The holographic environments of the future, however, will be interactive and not simply used for networking purposes.
Two pieces of technology necessary to advance holographic environments include haptic sensors, which would allow users to touch simulations and receive sensations of concrete objects. Supercomputers, too, need to be developed in order to calculate and hold the myriad pieces of information necessary to make up an environment.
As we can see with the National Tele-Immersion Initiative, scientists and programmers are bringing us ever closer to the technology needed for a holographic environment. That classic idea of virtual reality may be realized, but holographic environments would affect more than the gaming and business worlds¡ªit would completely change the way we think about geography and travel.
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