1936: Beginning of the Spanish Civil War .A well-planned military uprising supported by conservative elements within Spain began on this day in garrison towns throughout the country, initiating the bloody Spanish Civil War (1936–39). The Nationalists, as the rebels were called, received aid from fascist Italy and Nazi Germany. The Republicans received aid from the Soviet Union, as well as from International Brigades, composed of volunteers from Europe and the United States. On the Nationalist side were most Roman Catholics, important elements of the military, most landowners, and many businessmen; on the Republican side were urban workers, most agricultural labourers, and many of the educated middle class.More events on this day1998:The United Nations completed the statute for a permanent international criminal court; 120 nations endorsed the treaty. |
1945:Joseph Stalin, Winston Churchill, and Harry S. Truman met at the Potsdam Conference, the last Allied summit conference of World War II. |
1944:German Field Marshal Erwin Rommel was seriously injured when his car was forced off the road by British fighter-bombers. |
1862:Abraham Lincoln's wartime Congress passed the second Confiscation Act, a precursor to the Emancipation Proclamation. |
1683:Turkish forces began the Siege of Vienna against the Habsburg Holy Roman emperor Leopold I. |
1453:French forces routed the English in the Battle of Castillon, the concluding battle of the Hundred Years' War. |
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