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In creating a nutrition unit, much will depend upon the age of the children. For the younger children, introducing them to the food groups and making them aware of nutrition is enough. As children go, teaching them more about nutrition, about deceptive advertising and how to be a smart shopper, and how diet affects the body will help them continue to make healthy choices as they become more independent. Older students can study in depth the complex role that nutrition and diet play in our lives, both physically and mentally. Consider your child's age and ability level as you adapt this unit guide, and select activities and materials appropriate for your child.
PRE-SCHOOL THROUGH YOUNG ELEMENTARY LEVEL
The Food Pyramid Project:
Touches on sorting/classifying, manual dexterity skills (cutting, pasting), reading, vocabulary, spelling, writing, health.
Create a food pyramid. Start with a large piece of butcher paper or poster board and draw a large triangle with a magic marker. Divide the triangle into four even horizontal sections with your marker and a ruler. Divide the two center sections in half with a vertical line. If you are not familiar with the food pyramid, look up a model of it online or at the library so you will know how to put it together.
Starting from the base of the pyramid, discuss each food group in turn. You can do one group per day, or cover each group individually over a several day period, depending on how fast you wish to go, or detailed you wish to get.
Begin with grains¨C explain what they are, how they help our bodies, and talk about examples of grains. Have children go through old cooking and family magazines and look for pictures of foods that are grains. Have them cut out the pictures, and paste them into the grain section of the pyramid. If the child can write, have them label the foods. If the child is still learning how to read and write, label it for them and go over it occasionally for reinforcement, have them copy it for penmanship, etc. If you regularly give the child spelling and vocabulary words, use words from the grain section, such as: grain, rice, bread, pasta, energy, wheat.
Proceed with each section in turn (vegetables, fruits, meats, dairy, fats/sugars), in the same manner, until your food pyramid is complete. Focus on such things as the differences between vegetables and fruits, what constitutes a healthy food and one that is not so healthy, the importance of variety/balance in the diet.
Reading:
There are many good children¡¯s books, both fiction and non-fiction, that revolve around food. Check out as many as you can find in the library and read them for your daily story time.
Art:
Have the children cut out pictures from a magazine of foods that represent a balanced meal, and paste them to a paper plate. Hang to display. Make food prints. Cut a food in half (or, if it already is flat, such as a slice of bread, leave it). Spread some paint on paper dishes or in a tray. Dip the flat side of the food in the paint, and press it on the paper to create food prints.
Music:
Many children¡¯s songs also revolve around food: On Top Of Spaghetti, Found A Peanut, Apples and Bananas, Hot Cross Buns, Do You Know The Muffin Man, and Animal Crackers, just to name a few.
Other Fun Things to Do:
Ask someone with a garden or contact a farm to see if you can take a field trip. Make a different healthy snack each day (perhaps featuring your daily food group), and eat it together.
LATE ELEMENTARY TO MIDDLE SCHOOL LEVEL
If the child has not yet been introduced to the food pyramid, you can do the food pyramid project above, or show the child a model and review it.
Advanced Food Group Study Project:
Touches on reading, research skills, writing, spelling, vocabulary, science.
Go beyond just introducing the child to the food groups and move on to the digestive system of the body. Learn the different organs involved in the digestive system, and how they break down food and covert it into energy and waste. Have the child research the use of each type of food within the human body, and write a paragraph or two describing it.
Use more advanced words and terms associated with food and nutrition for spelling and vocabulary words, such as: carbohydrates, amino acids, digestive system, mastication, polyunsaturated fats,
Nutritional Value Project:
Touches on reading, math, comparing/contrasting, health.
Go to several fast food restaurants and request a nutritional guide (most have pamphlets to hand out to the customers outlining the nutritional value of the entire menu). Take it home and calculate the amount of fats, calories, sodium, carbohydrates, vitamins and minerals in a typical meal from each. Now, calculate the nutritional value of a similar meal made at home with natural, unprocessed ingredients. Compare the two. Make a chart to illustrate the comparison.
Cook Book Project:
Touches on writing, reading, math, cooking.
Spend the unit looking for new recipes for the child/children to create a cook book. Make sure to test each recipe before putting it into the book, and have the child list each recipe with the nutritional values per serving (calories, fat, carbohydrates, vitamin and mineral content, etc.). Tie the measurement of ingredients and quantifying of nutritional values into math lessons on measurement and conversion.
Other fun things to do:
Learn to decipher the ingredients and nutritional values on food containers. Read advertisements for unhealthy foods and carefully analyze the wording¨C how does the company try to make the public want unhealthy foods? Take a field trip to a grocery store (some stores will actually give tours, along with informational packets, upon request).
MIDDLE SCHOOL TO HIGH SCHOOL LEVEL:
If the student is not already familiar with the different food groups, and how the body digests and uses different types of foods, try using the advanced food pyramid project outlined above.
Poor Health and Nutrition Project:
Touches on reading, writing, vocabulary, research skills, and science.
Have the child research and write about nutrition¡¯s role in one of the following ailments or conditions: heart disease, diabetes, high blood pressure, hypo- or hyperglycemia, scurvy, liver disease, cancer, anemia, allergies, colelithiasis, pregnancy. The child can touch on several different illnesses, or, if a group is working together, each child can research one and share their findings in an oral report.
Comparing diets project:
Touches on math, reading, research skills.
Have the child look into different diets (low carbohydrate, low fat, vegetarian, vegan, dietetic, ¡°crash¡± dieting, etc.), comparing the nutritional value of a typical day on such a diet. Draw up a graph comparing the pros and cons. Discuss the contradictory information. If possible, consult a health care professional or nutritionist.
Eating Disorders:
Touches on health, social studies, psychology.
Many teens are plagued by eating disorders, from one end of the spectrum (anorexia, bulimia), to the other (obesity, binge eating). Rent two films about eating disorders from your library or video store.
One should be a movie based on a real life story of someone battling an eating disorder. Discuss with your child how an eating disorder affects the individual not only physically, but emotionally and mentally. Discuss how it affects friends and family of the person. Consider what could drive someone to an eating disorder (depression? Low self esteem? A need to fit in? Biological/genetic reasons? Pressure from society in general?).
The other film should be a documentary about eating disorders. Watch the film and discuss the topic further, adding the warning signs of an eating disorder, and how, if it¡¯s possible, to prevent the onset of one. |
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