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Though we wish our children were infallible and immune to every kind of illness or injury, they are not. Here is a list of the top ten most common childhood health problems and what you should know about each one.
1. Chicken Pox¡ªChicken Pox is an illness caused by the varicella zoster virus and kids are more likely to contract this virus in the late winter or early spring. Symptoms of Chicken Pox (which will start 10-21 days after they¡¯re exposed to an infected person) are low fever, loss of appetite and decreased energy levels. A few days later, the child will develop red, itchy sores over their entire body. The bumps turn into blisters, then become open sores and the eventually the sores crust over and heal. New bumps will form for a few days and after all bumps have scabbed, the child is no longer contagious, though the scabs won¡¯t go away until after about two weeks. After the illness, your child should be immune for the rest of their life. A child who receives the Varivax vaccine or Varicella Zoster Immune Globulin up to 96 hours after exposure might not contract the illness, though nothing is certain. A medicine called acyclovir can alleviate symptoms, but if the chicken pox are normal, you can simply let the illness run its course.
2. Common cold¡ªThe common cold is an illness common to all of us, young and old. The common cold is caused by a number of viruses, which is why it is so difficult for physicians to develop a vaccine. Children in daycare or school are exposed to a number of these viruses each day, so it is common for a child to have more than one cold a year. Frequent hand washing is the best method of preventing the illness. A cold is an upper-respiratory ailment and symptoms include a runny nose, cough, fever and sore throat. There are no treatments for the cold, but there are a vast number of over-the-counter medicines to help ease the symptoms such as cough suppressants, fever reducers and pain relievers. Be sure the child is getting plenty of fluids and a lot of rest.
3. Nasal Allergies¡ªNasal allergies are common in children and sometimes hard to diagnose right away. Symptoms of nasal allergies include a stuffy/runny nose, sneezing, itchy eyes, sore throat and cough. There are two types of nasal allergies: seasonal and perennial. Seasonal allergies only occur a few months out of each year and the cause is outdoor substances such as pollen and grass. Perennial allergies occur year-round and can be caused by a variety of substances in the living environment including dust, mold, pet dander and cigarette smoke. Obviously, eliminating the causes of allergies is the best treatment. If this is not possible, there are a number of medications, both prescription and over-the-counter, that can alleviate symptoms. Ask your pediatrician which medication is best. You can also use an air filter, frequently dust and vacuum your home and buy plastic covers for the child¡¯s pillows and mattresses.
4. Ear infections¡ªEar infections are probably the most common reason people go to see the pediatrician. Infections occur in two parts of the ear, outer and middle ear. An outer ear infection is usually caused by water getting into the ear. There may be discharge from the ear, and the ear will be tender to outside touch, but there should not be a fever. An outer ear infection can be easily treated with antibiotic ear drops. A middle ear infection commonly occurs after the child has had an upper-respiratory illness, like a cold, and fluid from that illness builds up behind the child¡¯s ear drum. The fluid then becomes contaminated with bacteria. Symptoms are fever, irritability and constant touching of the ear. A doctor can diagnose a middle ear infection and will prescribe antibiotics. There are options for children with persistent ear infections that your doctor will tell you about if this is an issue.
5. Head Lice¡ªHead lice are common in school-aged children. Head lice are transmitted through direct contact with an infected person or anything that has touched the infected person¡¯s head. The most common symptom is itching of the scalp. If you examine your child¡¯s head, you¡¯ll want to look for whitish eggs attached to the hair, or adult lice which are a reddish-brown color and will move quickly along your child¡¯s scalp. If there are no adult lice, it is possible to remove the eggs and never see lice. However, to kill adult lice, you will need to use an anti-lice shampoo such as Rid or Nix, available over-the-counter. Follow the directions on the package. There are also prescription treatments you can ask your doctor about. And take special care if you¡¯re treating a newborn. You will also have to rid the house of lice by washing bedding and clothing in hot water, vacuuming your house and boiling combs and brushes. Lice are very common, so routinely check your children for re-infestation.
6. Strep Throat¡ªStrep throat is a common bacterial infection. Symptoms include fever, reddish-colored throat, white puss on tonsils, swollen glands and loss of energy. If you suspect your child might have strep throat, a doctor will have to swab the throat and culture that swab overnight. Strep throat is treated with antibiotics. After 24 hours on the medicine, the child is no longer contagious. Because of the risk of overuse of antibiotics, the doctor will not prescribe them for any other throat malady. These will have to clear up on their own. Also, some individuals carry the strep bacteria in their throat with no harm to their body. So, do not have your child tested unless they are experiencing symptoms as you could treat them unnecessarily.
7. Pink Eye¡ªPink eye (also known as conjunctivitis) is a common eye illness and is very contagious. If your child is diagnosed with pink eye, they should be kept out of school until the doctor says it¡¯s okay to go back. Symptoms of pink eye are pink or red-colored eyes and discharge from the eyes. Bacterial pink eye can be treated with antibiotics, but viral pink eye must clear up on its own. You can treat inflammation of either type of pink eye with an over-the-counter anti-inflammatory medicine.
8. Diarrhea¡ªDiarrhea is loose and/or watery stool with painful bowels and is usually associated with the stomach flu. Diarrhea will clear up on its own, though that might take a few weeks. There are many over-the-counter medicines that help alleviate the symptoms of diarrhea. Be sure the child is getting plenty of fluids to prevent dehydration. If the stool contains blood or mucus, you should contact a doctor as it could mean the child has a more serious illness.
9. Sunburn¡ªSunburn occurs as a result of unprotected exposure to the sun. Symptoms are red, burning, itching, peeling and/or blistering skin. Avoid sunburn by applying a sunscreen or sun block 20 minutes before sun exposure, and reapplying every few hours. After a burn, apply aloe vera gel to help heal the burn and give the child ibuprofen or acetaminophen to soothe swelling and pain. Try not to break open any blisters and do not peel the skin away¡ªlet it peel naturally. Be sure the child gets enough fluids to avoid dehydration.
10. Scrapes, Cuts and Bruises¡ªRegular play and activity can sometimes lead to scrapes, cuts and bruises on a child. These are easily remedied if they are minor injuries. Scrapes and minor cuts should be rinsed with cold water to stop any bleeding, then wash with soap. Treat them with an antibacterial ointment and cover them with a bandage for one day. After that, continue to treat with ointment but leave the injury open to air so a scab can form and the healing process can begin. For serious cuts, you may need to see a doctor for intensive cleaning and/or stitches. Bruises are caused by broken blood vessels from a blow to the skin. The color of a bruise is a result of blood leaking out of these vessels. For minor bruises, apply ice to the wound to reduce swelling and take over-the-counter pain medications for pain. Severe bruises or bruises that don¡¯t heal or appear to be healing after a few weeks should be checked out by a doctor.
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