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Sleep is something that is vitally important to personal well-being, yet most of us do not get enough of it. Sleep comes in five cycles. Each cycle benefits our overall health. There are many things that happen when we sleep. Sleep helps improve brain function and memory retention. While we sleep, our brain has time to sort out thoughts and information that we have gathered throughout the day. Our nervous and immune systems use sleep as a time to regenerate and restore. Without proper maintenance, these systems don't function correctly leaving us more apt to become sick and less productive. Sleep is beneficial for all systems of the body to restore and heal from daily damage. Children need sleep to help with growth and maturity.
Sleep cycles are made up of non-REM sleep and REM sleep. There are four stages of non-REM sleep that leads us to the REM stage. Then we start all over again. The total amount of sleep needed each night will vary with age and individual need. Infants need 15-16 hours of sleep per day. They are going through extensive growth and need the extra sleep. Children need between 13-14 hours of sleep. They are still growing and maturing but need a little less than they did when they were infants. Teenagers need 9-10 hours of sleep each night to properly function. Adults need anywhere from 5-10 hours with the average being 7-8 hours. Without proper amounts of rest we become moody, feel groggy, and we find that we cannot concentrate.
The sleep cycle consists of five stages that repeat throughout the night with the exception of stage one. Stage one will happen but we do not need to fall asleep again. We will experience the same slow down as we transition from stage five back to stage two. Most people complete four or five complete sleep cycles each night.
Stage One (non REM sleep)
This first stage lasts only 5-10 minutes. This stage is essentially the transition from being awake to being sleep. This stage may last longer for people who suffer from insomnia or sleep apnea. Things such as nicotine, alcohol, or eating right before bedtime can also effect this stage. During this stage most systems of the body begin to relax and slow down. A person can be easily awakened during this stage. Hypnogogic experiences may also occur. This means that things may appear dreamlike and we may feel like we are falling. This is the only stage that does not repeat through the night in its entirety.
Stage Two (non REM sleep)
Stage two is called baseline sleep and is also called the theta sleep phase. This sleep is longer than most other periods of sleep. This sleep is a deeper sleep than stage one, though we are somewhat easily aroused from this sleep. Body functions will remain low and the core body temperature falls. This sleep is considered a transition period between falling asleep and the next stage of deep sleep.
Stage Three and Stage Four (non REM sleep)
These stages are blended together and they are referred to as delta sleep. This stage lasts anywhere from 10 to 30 minutes. Activity in the brain slows down considerably. This is known as deep sleep and most people do not wake easily from this stage. A person that is aroused from sleep will be highly disoriented and groggy. They also fall back into sleep easily. During this stage growth hormones are released into the body to help heal and repair. This stage of sleep is when children can have night terrors, sleepwalking episodes, or wet the bed.
Stage Five (REM sleep)
Stage five sleep is considered an active stage of sleep. This is also the time when most, but not all, dreams occur. Dreams from this stage tend to be very vivid. REM stands for "rapid eye movement" because a person's eyes move around even though they are sleeping. These movements can easily be seen by watching a person in this stage of sleep. This stage makes up about 20 percent of total sleep and sessions of REM sleep get progressively longer with each sleep cycle per night. During this stage, the brain is highly active and the heart rate is faster. This phase is when the brain is actively storing and sorting through information. Our bodies are in a state of semi-paralysis during this time. It is thought this is to keep us from acting out the motions of our dreams and injuring ourselves.
These stages of sleep are meant to keep us in top form and prepare us for the next day. If these cycles and stages are disrupted often enough throughout the night, our bodies suffer. If you find that you are not getting proper sleep, try to cut back on caffeine and refrain from eating in the hours before going to bed. White noise machines or a fan on a low setting along with blocking out as much light as possible can help a person get more restful sleep. |
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