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Freckles are most common in people with fair skin, blue eyes, blonde hair, but especially red hair. If you have freckles, you weren¡¯t born with them. They often appear in children as young as two years old and increase over the years due to sun exposure. They occur mainly in sun-exposed areas such as the face, shoulders, chest, arms, and legs. There is a genetic predisposition to freckles, meaning if one of your parents had them, you are likely to have them too. Freckles often disappear later in life.
The basic cause of freckles is special cells in the skin that produce a pigment called melanin. Melanin is what gives skin its color. Sunlight hitting the skin causes the production of more melanin in order to protect the skin layers underneath. If you have melanin that builds up in one place, it will result in freckles. Sunlight also causes freckles already present to become darker.
Other reasons for pigmented spots on the skin:
1. Hormones. Dark skin that appears during pregnancy or while on birth control pills is called melasma, or the mask of pregnancy. Sun exposure makes these patches and spots even darker.
2. Sunlight. Flat, large spots on the skin in middle age are caused by sun exposure, and are known as age spots, liver spots, or lentigines.
3. Skin cancer. This can develop on the skin causing growths that have irregular borders and strange colors such as black, red or pink. Look for spots that don¡¯t heal, have lack of symmetry, or are of a large size. See a dermatologist if you have any spots on your skin that look suspicious.
Some people do not like their freckles. There are steps that can be taken to prevent them, lessen their appearance, and fade them considerably.
1. Use sunscreen. Wear a sunscreen that blocks both UVA and UVB rays. The product should contain one or more of the following active ingredients: Parsol? 1789 (avobenzone), titanium dioxide and zinc oxide. Apply the sunscreen every day when you get up, and reapply every two hours or after swimming or sweating.
2. Wear a hat. Get a broad-brimmed hat without mesh or weave that could let light through. A hat is a great way to take shade with you everywhere, and it will keep the sun from directly hitting your face.
3. Avoid peak sun hours. If you can, don¡¯t go outside between the hours of 10 a.m. and 4 p.m., as this is when the sun is most intense.
4. Stay out of tanning beds. These devices expose your skin to lots of pigment-inducing UV radiation, and it¡¯s only inches from your skin. One tanning bed session is equal to a whole day spent at the beach.
5. Check your medications. Some things you take internally or apply to your skin can cause skin sensitivity. Among the medicines that can cause this are certain antibiotics and birth control pills. Topical products that can cause sun sensitivity include alpha hydroxy acids and benzoyl peroxide. You need to be especially careful in the sun if you use these. Check with your doctor or pharmacist to determine if what you use on your face or take internally would make your skin more sensitive to the sun. Don¡¯t stop taking any medications without your doctor¡¯s orders.
6. Try fading creams. Look for over-the-counter fading creams containing hydroquinone. Make sure to buy a preparation that comes in a tube or pump so the product is not repeatedly exposed to air and light. This would cause the ingredients to break down and become ineffective. Follow the directions and precautions on the package.
7. Be consistent. Even a few minutes of unprotected sun exposure each day will add up, such as the rays your skin absorbs from walking to the mailbox and getting in and out of your car. And don¡¯t rely on your car or house windows to shield you from the rays, because most of the pigment-causing UV rays still come through them. You will set yourself back in your skin-lightening endeavor if you aren¡¯t consistent in your efforts. |
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