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As a parent, your teen¡¯s high school years may be some of the most challenging of your life. During a relatively short period of time, your high schooler will transform from a child into an adult. How you handle this transition as a parent, especially in terms of discipline, is going to play a strong role in how YOU look back on your teen¡¯s high school years. Will your own memories of your teen¡¯s high school years be filled with fond thoughts of happy days gone by? Or will they be more like flashbacks brought on by post-traumatic stress syndrome? In large part, it¡¯s all up to you.
1. BUILD A STRONG FOUNDATION.
The very best way to avoid disciplinary problems with your high schooler is to lay a strong foundation in your child¡¯s younger years. Before your teenager enters high school, she should already understand that respect begets respect and that actions beget consequences. If you have not laid this foundation by the time your teen starts high school, you may be in for stormy seas ahead. So, the time to begin thinking about how you will discipline your teen when she is in high school begins the minute your child is born.
That having been said, establishing a program of discipline for your teenager can be a very challenging project. By the time your teen enters high school, disciplinary methods should bear very little resemblance to those used when your child was younger. For some reason, a 15-minute time out just does not carry the weight it did when your child was five years old. Add to this the fact that it is not at all unusual for a teenager to begin testing limits and spreading her wings in high school, with or without your consent. You may find yourself embroiled in a rehashing of the same power struggle you thought you had won when your child was in the midst of the terrible twos. If you laid a strong foundation when your child was younger, now is the time to build on that. If the foundation is a little lacking in areas, now is the time to regroup and go back to square one to fill in the missing pieces.
When you find yourself becoming frustrated and ready to give up, focus on the foundation that you laid for your child during her elementary school years. Remember that, somewhere in your suddenly very stubborn and sometimes-irrational teenager¡¯s head, those basic precepts of right and wrong are still there. Have faith in your teenager and in yourself. Decide what is important and how to accomplish your disciplinary goals. Then, take a deep breath and stay to the course.
2. LIVE BY THE GOLDEN RULE.
When you consider your position as an authority figure in your teen¡¯s life, it might be helpful to consider your. How does your boss treat you at work? How would you LIKE to be treated by your boss? When you were pulled over for speeding last week, did the traffic officer treat you with courtesy and respect? Or did he or she talk to you as if you were a hardened criminal who had just robbed a liquor store? Do your own relationships with those people who hold a position of authority in your own life parents still have a way of making you feel like a complete idiot or a failure within fifteen minutes of walking through the front door?
Children and teenagers appreciate being treated with respect just as you and I do. In fact, teenagers are especially sensitive to treatment that they feel is disrespectful or without regard for their feelings. During the high school years, it is particularly important to exercise patience, to listen to your teenager, and to take a deep breath before speaking or acting. In all things, try to treat your teenager as you yourself would like to be treated under similar circumstances. Your teenager will appreciate it, and once the groundwork has been laid for a relationship built on mutual respect and trust, she will reciprocate.
Keep in mind, though, that treating your teenager with respect and courtesy does not mean allowing yourself to become a doormat. Respect should always be a two-way street. Treat your teenager with respect and courtesy, and always expect the same treatment in return.
3. SET AN EXAMPLE.
The old adage that ¡°children learn what they live¡± is so true. Parents might have gotten away with ¡°do as I say, not as I do¡± several generations ago. But today¡¯s sophisticated and perceptive teens are looking to you as an example of responsible, adult behavior. Be sure that the ideals and values you are trying to instill in your teenager are reflected in the way you conduct yourself in your daily life.
When you tell your teen to behave in a certain way, but then act in the opposite way yourself, you are sending your teen a very confusing message. And the truth is, actions really DO speak louder than words. Yes, your teen may hear the words you are saying and take them to heart. But when your teen sees you, her most respected role model, doing the exact opposite, that is going to speak volumes more than any lecture ever could. Your teen is going to get the message that your behavior is the desired behavior for an adult and will likely follow suit. More importantly, your teen is going to get the message that you do not live up to your word. You may then lose credibility with your teen in the future.
For example, if you tell your teen not to smoke cigarettes, but then smoke cigarettes yourself, the message your teen is going to pick up is that smoking is an acceptable, grown-up thing to do. Despite your words, your actions are saying much more loudly that smoking is okay. Teens want nothing more than to emulate the adults in their lives and to be grown-up themselves. So, despite your lectures on the evils of smoking or other behaviors, it should come as no surprise to discover that your teen has taken up your most undesirable habits.
4. CREATE A SYSTEM OF CONSEQUENCES.
As adults, if we do something we should not have done, or don¡¯t do something we should have done, we suffer the consequences. If we don¡¯t finish waterproofing the deck before the rainy season hits, our deck could sustain water damage and, eventually, termite infestation, requiring costly repairs. If we don¡¯t go to work, we don¡¯t get paid, and we may even get fired. If we run a red light, we get a ticket. If we don¡¯t pay the fine, we may go to jail. In the same way, your job as a parent is to teach your high schooler that there are consequences to every decision she makes to do or not to do the things that are required of her as a member of a family or society.
The very best way to teach your child about consequences is to allow her to experience the consequences that flow naturally from the decisions she makes, just as an adult would do in the real world. For example, if your teen misses the bus, depending on the circumstances and the distance, she might have to suffer the consequence of walking to school that morning. If your teen skips class, do not write a note excusing her for the absence. Require that your teen face the consequences the school will impose, such as after-school detention or not being permitted to participate in a school activity.
Choose your battles wisely and, above all, be reasonable. For example, if your teen is normally on time and does not make a habit of missing the bus, but misses it one morning because her alarm clock did not go off, don¡¯t go overboard. Give your child a ride to school that morning, if you are able to do so. Being overly severe in imposing consequences will not reinforce your point. Instead, your child will focus on the fact that the alarm clock was broken, it was not her fault, and you are being an unfair tyrant. Under those circumstances, your child will not make the correlation between behavior and consequences and will instead come to view the world as an unfair and arbitrary place in which to live.
At home, create a system of your own consequences for violations of the house rules. Make sure your teen understands that specific behaviors will result in specific consequences. For example, coming in past curfew may result in the loss of a privilege or an earlier curfew the next time out. Continued infractions of the rules may require increased penalties. And, most importantly, be consistent in enforcing the rules in your home. As with setting an example, failure to enforce the rules consistently is confusing and sends your teen a conflicting message. If your teen is able to get away with violating the rules on some occasions, and not others, the message your teen is going to take away is not that the specific behavior is wrong. Instead, your teen will likely get the message that she is being unfairly punished for behavior that may be considered okay if you are in a good mood, but not okay if you are in a bad mood.
From a psychological standpoint, a system of consequences for undesirable behavior is considered a system of ¡°negative re-enforcement.¡± In other words, if your teen experiences negative results when she exhibits a particular behavior, and assuming that the negative results are unpleasant enough and are experienced consistently, your teen will probably begin to avoid the behavior. It is a good idea to also reward your teen for positive behavior. This is ¡°positive re-enforcement.¡± Here, your teen learns to associate something pleasant or positive with good behavior. Studies show that the most effective behavior modification systems include a combination of both positive and negative re-enforcement. The positive re-enforcement need not be elaborate. In fact, it can be as simple as telling your teen how much you appreciate that she took out the trash all week without being asked, and letting her know how helpful that is to you. Also, perhaps surprisingly, positive re-enforcement is more effective when rewards for positive behavior are not doled out each and every time. First, giving out occasional positive rewards for behavior that is expected of your teen gives her something to strive for during those in-between times. Second, it allows your teen to begin to develop the sense that she is not exhibiting the positive behavior solely for the purpose of obtaining a reward or praise, but because it is the right thing to do. Teens, perhaps more than anyone else, want to feel that they are doing something because it is what THEY decided to do, not because they were told to do so. The goal is to allow your child to begin to develop her own moral compass and a sense of pride in fulfilling obligations and doing what is right.
5. EXPECT MORE . . . AND GIVE MORE.
The high school years are a huge transition period in your teen¡¯s life. Your teen will enter high school a child and leave high school an adult. For this reason, the high school years can be particularly trying, both for you and for your teen. Your teen is acutely aware of the fact that she is not a child anymore. She may expect to be treated as an adult, but balk at taking on the responsibilities of adulthood. As a parent, you, on the other hand, are acutely aware that your child is not yet equipped to handle the adult world. You may also find it difficult emotionally to accept the fact that your teen is no longer a child.
It is in the best interests of both your teen¡¯s well being and your own peace of mind to help your teen get to a place of independence and responsibility by the time she graduates from high school. If you do not begin to let go now, you may find yourself with an 18-year old who is suddenly arguing that she should be allowed to stay out until 2 a.m. on a Saturday night, when she previously never stayed out past 10 p.m. Under those circumstances, your teen may be ill equipped for late-night driving or to keep herself safe late at night. Such a huge and sudden leap in privileges and responsibility can be dangerous to your child. It can also cause you many hours of stress and worry.
The ideal plan is to gradually grant your teen increased privileges and freedoms during each year of high school. For example, you might consider making your teen¡¯s weekend curfew an hour later each year of high school. At the same time, increase your teen¡¯s responsibilities during each year of high school. For instance, you might consider giving your high school freshman a weekly allowance that is sufficient for her to buy school lunches each day. Then, make your teen responsible for budgeting for lunches throughout the week. By your teen¡¯s senior year of high school, she might have the privilege of driving the family car. She might also be held responsible for earning enough to pay for a share of the gasoline or auto insurance. The goal is to allow your teen to gradually earn more adult privileges, as well as take on more adult responsibilities. Make sure your teen understands that the two go hand-in-hand. With proper planning, your teen can make a gradual transition from childhood and will be functioning as an adult by graduation, rather than being suddenly thrown into the adult world unprepared.
Above all else, never let your teenager doubt how much you love her. Despite your teen¡¯s air of confidence, she may be confused and apprehensive about what the future will bring. Now more than ever, your teen needs to know that you will always be there when the chips are down. So, treasure these years with your child. Make sure there is plenty of time for laughter, long talks and hugs. Sooner than you can imagine, you will dearly miss finding your teen sitting cross-legged on her bed doing homework, with books and snack wrappers scattered all around and Dave Matthews blaring at about a thousand decibels in the background. Yes, believe it or not, you will even miss Dave Matthews blaring in the background.
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